Kristian Hoelscher

Research Director

Kristian Hoelscher
Additional position(s):
Senior Researcher

Email: krihoe@prio.org
Mobile phone: +47 40 29 79 31

Research Interests

Kristian is a senior researcher at PRIO. His research interests lie at the intersection of cities, politics, markets and conflict. He has worked in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and using interdisciplinary approaches. 

His current research covers five areas: 

  • How cities respond to crises and the practices that emerge to promote urban resilience
  • The role of urbanisation in shaping political and social change 
  • How businesses negotiate and operate in contexts of urban violence and how this supports or undermines peacebuilding and sustainable development
  • The role of the private sector in exacerbating and ameliorating social conflicts
  • The implications of the uses of digital technologies in peacebuilding and development practices

Kristian holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of Oslo, an MSc. in Population and Development Studies from the London School of Economics and Political Science, and a BA in Business and BSc (Hons.) in Psychology from the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia.

Languages spoken:

English, Norwegian. Elementary Portuguese and Spanish.

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Research Groups

Full member:
Associated member:

PRIO Departments

Current
Historical

PRIO Projects

Ongoing:
Finished:

Recent Publications

Bull, Benedicte & Kristian Hoelscher (2023) Pandemic Micropolitics in Latin America: Small Business and the Governance of Crisis From Above and Below in El Salvador, Journal of Politics in Latin America. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1866802X231159686.
Hirblinger, Andreas; Julie Marie Hansen; Kristian Hoelscher; Åshild Kolås; Kristoffer Lidén & Bruno Oliveira Martins (2022) Digital Peacebuilding: A Framework for Critical–Reflexive Engagement, International Studies Perspectives. DOI: 10.1093/isp/ekac015.
Geirbo, Hanne Cecilie; Lisbet Harboe; Kristian Hoelscher & Sobah Abbas Petersen (2022) Interpretive Flexibility as an Approach to Designing Inclusive Urban Space: Learning from Medellín and Beirut, Nordic Journal of Urban Studies 2(2): 141–160.

All Publications

Peer-reviewed Journal Article

Bull, Benedicte & Kristian Hoelscher (2023) Pandemic Micropolitics in Latin America: Small Business and the Governance of Crisis From Above and Below in El Salvador, Journal of Politics in Latin America. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1866802X231159686.
Hirblinger, Andreas; Julie Marie Hansen; Kristian Hoelscher; Åshild Kolås; Kristoffer Lidén & Bruno Oliveira Martins (2022) Digital Peacebuilding: A Framework for Critical–Reflexive Engagement, International Studies Perspectives. DOI: 10.1093/isp/ekac015.
Geirbo, Hanne Cecilie; Lisbet Harboe; Kristian Hoelscher & Sobah Abbas Petersen (2022) Interpretive Flexibility as an Approach to Designing Inclusive Urban Space: Learning from Medellín and Beirut, Nordic Journal of Urban Studies 2(2): 141–160.
Hoelscher, Kristian; Lisbet Harboe; Hanne Cecilie Geirbo & Sobah Abbas Petersen (2022) What Can We Learn from Urban Crisis?, Sustainability 14(2): 868–.
Miklian, Jason; John Elias Katsos; Brian Ganson; Benedicte Bull; Kristian Hoelscher; Sarah Cechvala; Øystein H. Rolandsen; Angelika Rettberg & Benjamin Miller (2021) What Covid-19 Taught Us About Doing Business During a Crisis, Harvard Business Review.
Ganson, Brian & Kristian Hoelscher (2021) Theorising MSMEs in Contexts of Urban Violence, Journal of Illicit Economies and Development 2(2): 222–241.
Miklian, Jason & Kristian Hoelscher (2021) SMEs and Exogenous Shocks: A Conceptual Literature Review and Forward Research Agenda, International Small Business Journal 40(2): 178–204.
Hoelscher, Kristian & Terefe Degefa (2020) Development Aid and Health Equity in Ethiopia, Development Studies Research 7(1): 83–92.
Hoelscher, Kristian & Siri Aas Rustad (2019) CSR and social conflict in the Brazilian extractive sector, Conflict, Security and Development 19(1): 99–119.
Hoelscher, Kristian (2017) Institutional Reform and Violence Reduction in Pernambuco, Brazil, Journal of Latin American Studies 49(4): 855–884.
Hoelscher, Kristian & Jason Miklian (2017) Can Innovators be Peacebuilders? A Peace Innovation Action Plan, Global Policy 8(4): 1–8.
Miklian, Jason & Kristian Hoelscher (2017) A new research approach for Peace Innovation, Innovation and Development 7(3): 1–19.
Hoelscher, Kristian; Jason Miklian & Håvard Mokleiv Nygård (2017) Conflict, Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Security: Understanding Violent Attacks against Aid Workers, International Peacekeeping. DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2017.1321958: 1–28.
Miklian, Jason & Kristian Hoelscher (2017) Smart Cities, Mobile Technologies and Social Cohesion in India, Indian Journal of Human Development 11(1): 1–16.
Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Kristian Hoelscher (2017) The Reframing of the War on Drugs as a “Humanitarian Crisis”: Costs, Benefits and Consequences, Latin American Perspectives 44(4): 168–182.
Hoelscher, Kristian & Jason Miklian (2016) A Blueprint for Pro-Peace Innovation, Harvard International Review 37(4).
Smørdal, Ole; Kristina Ebbing Wensaas; Susana Lopez-Aparicio; Ida Nilstad Pettersen & Kristian Hoelscher (2016) Key Issues for Enhancing Citizen Participation in Co-constructing City Futures, CEUR Workshop Proceedings 1776: 68–75.
Hoelscher, Kristian & Enzo Nussio (2016) Understanding Unlikely Successes in Urban Violence Reduction, Urban Studies 53(11): 2397–2416.
Hoelscher, Kristian (2016) The Evolution of the Smart Cities Agenda in India, International Area Studies Review 19(1): 28–44.
Hoelscher, Kristian & Rumi Aijaz (2016) Challenges and Opportunities in an Urbanising India, International Area Studies Review 19(1): 1–9.
Hoelscher, Kristian (2015) Darkness in the City of Light: The Paris Attacks and Urban Security in Europe, Harvard International Review.
Hoelscher, Kristian (2015) Politics and Social Violence in Developing Democracies: Theory and Evidence from Brazil, Political Geography 44(1): 29–39.
Hoelscher, Kristian & Per Martin Norheim-Martinsen (2014) Urban violence and the militarisation of security: Brazilian ‘peacekeeping’ in Rio de Janeiro and Port-au-Prince, Small Wars and Insurgencies 25(5): 957–975.
Miklian, Jason & Kristian Hoelscher (2014) A Tale of New Cities: The Future of Urban Planning in the Developing World, Harvard International Review 35(4): 13–18.
Carling, Jørgen & Kristian Hoelscher (2013) The Capacity and Desire to Remit: Comparing Local and Transnational Influences, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39(6): 939–958.
Urdal, Henrik & Kristian Hoelscher (2012) Explaining Urban Social Disorder and Violence: An Empirical Study of Event Data from Asian and Sub-Saharan African Cities, International Interactions 38(4): 512–528.
Fox, Sean & Kristian Hoelscher (2012) Political Order, Development and Social Violence, Journal of Peace Research 49(3): 431–444.
Hoelscher, Kristian; Jason Miklian & Krishna Chaitanya Vadlamannati (2012) Hearts and Mines: A District-Level Analysis of the Maoist Conflict in India, International Area Studies Review 15(2): 141–160.
Carney, Scott; Jason Miklian & Kristian Hoelscher (2011) Fortress India, Foreign Policy.

Book Chapter

Hoelscher, Kristian & Jason Miklian (2013) The violence of migration from Bangladesh to India, in Miklian, Jason; & Åshild Kolås, eds, India's Human Security: Lost Debates, Forgotten People, Intractable Challenges. London: Routledge (103–121).

Non-refereed Journal Article

Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen; Kristian Hoelscher; Benjamin de Carvalho & Pinar Tank (2014) Brazil: An Aspiring Global Power, Government Gazette: 80–82.
Miklian, Jason; & Hoelscher, Kristian (2011) Fort India , Innsikt .

Popular Article

Miklian, Jason & Kristian Hoelscher (2022) How Has COVID-19 Affected Small and Medium Enterprises?, Social Science Spaces, 9 February.
Hoelscher, Kristian; Håvard Mokleiv Nygård & Jason Miklian (2017) Information technology can help build peace. This is how., Washington Post, 24 August.
Hoelscher, Kristian & Jason Miklian (2017) Can Innovators be Peacebuilders? A Peace Innovation Action Plan, Global Policy, 1 August.
Hoelscher, Kristian; Hanne Cecilie Geirbo; Ingrid Nytun Christie; Lisbet Harboe & Sobah Abbas Petersen (2016) Hvilken vei skal byene gå? [Which Way Will Cities Go?], Dagsavisen, 18 October.
Miklian, Jason & Kristian Hoelscher (2016) En beretning om fremtidens byer [On the Future of Cities], Ny Tid, 13 October.
Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Kristian Hoelscher (2016) Is The War on Drugs a Humanitarian Crisis?, ATHA.SE, 4 March.
Miklian, Jason; Kristian Hoelscher & Håvard Mokleiv Nygård (2016) What makes a country dangerous for aid workers?, The Guardian, 18 January.
Norheim-Martinsen, Per Martin & Kristian Hoelscher (2014) Kan ditt nabolag få urban krigføring à la Ferguson? [Could your neighbourhood see urban warfare à la Ferguson?], Aftenposten, 21 August.
Hoelscher, Kristian (2014) Selvmål i Brasil [An Own Goal in Brazil], Aftenposten, 18 June.
Hoelscher, Kristian & Jason Miklian (2014) Kontroversiell og hardtslående [Controversial and Hardhitting], Dagsavisen, 9 May.
Miklian, Jason & Kristian Hoelscher (2013) Government Quells Maoist Rebellion in West Bengal, New York Times, 14 January.

PRIO Report

Hoelscher, Kristian; Katherine Edelen; Jason Miklian; Silje Holen; Joyeeta Bhattacharjee; Line Barkved; Farzana Jahan; Hari Bansh Jha; & Åshild Kolås (2013) Water Scarcity in Bangladesh. Transboundary Rivers, Conflict and Cooperation, PRIO Report, 1. Oslo: PRIO.

Conference Paper

Urdal, Henrik; Kristian Hoelscher & Halvard Buhaug (2012) Does Urbanization Lead to More Peace? Rural-Urban Age Structure Differentials and Civil War, presented at The Annual convention of the International Studies Association, San Diego, CA, 1–4 April.
Urdal, Henrik; & Hoelscher, Kristian 2008 Urban Youth Bulges and Social Disorder: An Empirical Study of Asian and Sub-Saharan African Cities, presented at Conference on ‘Youth Exclusion and Political Violence: Breaking the Link and Engaging Young People Positively in Development’, , 4–5 December.

PRIO Policy Brief

Rustad, Siri Aas; Kristian Hoelscher; Andreas Kotsadam; Gudrun Østby & Henrik Urdal (2018) Political Exclusion, Group Inequality and Aid Distribution, Conflict Trends, 9. Oslo: PRIO.
Rustad, Siri Aas & Kristian Hoelscher (2016) Supporting Multi-Stakeholder Dialogue in Barcarena, Brazil, PRIO Policy Brief, 26. Oslo: PRIO.
Miklian, Jason & Kristian Hoelscher (2016) A Blueprint for Pro-Peace Innovation, PRIO Policy Brief, 25. Oslo: PRIO.
Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Kristian Hoelscher (2016) Is the War on Drugs a “Humanitarian Crisis”?, PRIO Policy Brief, 2. Oslo: PRIO.
Hoelscher, Kristian; Jason Miklian & Håvard Mokleiv Nygård (2015) Understanding Attacks on Humanitarian Aid Workers, Conflict Trends, 6. Oslo: PRIO.

Report - External Series

Hoelscher, Kristian; & Sean Fox (2010) The Political Economy of Social Violence: Theory and Evidence from a Cross-Country Study, Crisis States Working Paper Series, 72. London.
Urdal, Henrik; & Kristian Hoelscher (2009) Urban Youth Bulges and Social Disorder: An Empirical Study of Asian and Sub-Saharan African Cities, Policy Research Working Paper, 110. Washington, DC.

Book Review

Hoelscher, Kristian (2013) Review of Favarel-Garrigues, Gilles; & Jean-Louis Briquet, eds, Organised Crime and States: The Hidden Face of Politics, in Journal of Peace Research 50(1): 138–138.
Hoelscher, Kristian (2013) Review of Goldstein, Daniel M ; & Enrique Desmond Arias, eds, Violent Democracies in Latin America, in Journal of Peace Research 50(1): 137–137.

Blog Posts

Information Technology Can Help Build Peace. This Is How.

Posted by Kristian Hoelscher, Håvard Mokleiv Nygård & Jason Miklian on Wednesday, 6 September 2017

In a recent episode of the caustic sitcom “Silicon Valley,” the hard-luck start-up protagonists attend a big technology convention. They stumble across an app called PeaceFare, a game that lets players “build peace” on their phones by giving virtual money to virtual homeless people or virtual corn to virtual starving villagers. ... Read more »

An Urban Century: Which Direction Should Cities Take?

Posted by Kristian Hoelscher, Hanne Cecilie Geirbo, Ingrid Nytun Christie, Lisbet Harboe & Sobah Abbas Petersen on Tuesday, 18 October 2016

The Habitat III conference in Quito, Ecuador this week is the most important meeting on cities and development in decades. It will shape the urban agenda of the 21st century. It is now well-known that the world is more urban than rural, with the challenges of 21st century urbanisation firmly ... Read more »

Is The War on Drugs a Humanitarian Crisis?

Posted by Kristin B. Sandvik & Kristian Hoelscher on Friday, 18 March 2016

Humanitarian actors increasingly look to frame the failure of the War on Drugs as an imperative for renewed engagement in Latin America. When leaders meet at UNGASS 2016 in April, legalization will be central in discussions, but issues of humanitarian encroachment should also be on the table. In Latin America, ... Read more »

Attacks on Humanitarian Aid Workers: Five New Findings

Posted by Jason Miklian, Kristian Hoelscher & Håvard Mokleiv Nygård on Tuesday, 1 December 2015

More aid workers are being targeted in violent attacks than ever before, but the roots of humanitarian insecurity have nuanced and surprising causes. Syria. Afghanistan. Mali. Central African Republic. Today’s complex conflicts seem to be defined by insurgents, terrorist groups and other violent actors with ideologies that increasingly disregard the ... Read more »

Paris Attacks may have Consequences for European Cities

Posted by Kristian Hoelscher on Monday, 16 November 2015

Attacks in Paris show how urban security challenges are becoming more complex. They ask difficult questions and present no easy answers. Friday’s attacks in Paris were an alarming reminder of the threats of organised violence in European cities. This comes less than a year after the assault against French satirical ... Read more »

A Tale of New Cities: The Future of Urban Planning in the Developing World

Posted by Jason Miklian & Kristian Hoelscher on Friday, 27 June 2014

The global shift from rural to urban living will be the most important demographic transformation of the 21st century. All great shifts create the opportunity for great fortunes, especially for those with audacious visions who are positioned to capitalize on them. Indian industrialist Ajit Gulabchand runs Hindustan Construction Company (HCC), ... Read more »

An Own Goal in Brazil

Posted by Kristian Hoelscher on Monday, 16 June 2014

Brazil’s President Dilma Rousseff must see off two fast gaining rivals to win reelection in October. Problems during the World Cup might end up being be her political downfall. With the World Cup underway, the eyes of the world are on the football in Brazil. Off the field though, the ... Read more »

Electing India's Future

Posted by Jason Miklian & Kristian Hoelscher on Monday, 12 May 2014

In April, 800 hundred million people began casting their ballots all across India in the largest election the world has ever seen. When we think of voting in India, we often picture a poor elderly villager showing a big ink-stained thumb and boasting a wide smile as proof of democracy ... Read more »

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