Migration

Coordinator: Jørgen Carling

​​​​​​​The Migration research group addresses central theoretical aspects of migration and transnationalism, and the ways in which these phenomena are connected with peace and conflict. We seek to understand migration processes, the transnational ties created after migration, and their consequences for individuals and societies.

PRIOs migration research is hosted by the PRIO Migration Centre, established in December 2020. The centre has a separate website within the PRIO portal.

Go to the PRIO Migration Centre

Insights from migration research at PRIO 2007-2017 have been summarized in a concise booklet. Issues of the PRIO Migration Update from before the establishment of the PRIO Migration Centre are archived here:

Subscribe to the PRIO Migration Update

Projects

Current Projects

Past Projects

Research Group News

Past Events

Publications

Recent publications

Szulecki, Kacper; Marta Bivand Erdal & Ben Stanley (2023) External Voting: The Patterns and Drivers of Central European Migrants' Homeland Electoral Participation. Open Access: Palgrave Macmillan Cham. Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship.
Pallister-Wilkins, Polly (2023) Ukrainian companion animals: unsettling humanitarian borders (2/3), Refugee Law Initiative, 12 January.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2022) Migrant transnationalism, remittances and development, in Yeoh, Brenda S.A.; & Francis L. Collins, eds, Handbook on Transnationalism. Elgar online: Elgar (356–370).
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Ceri Oeppen (2022) Theorising voluntariness in return, in King, Russell; & Katie Kuschminder, eds, Handbook of Return Migration. Elgar online: Elgar (70–83).
Carling, Jørgen (2022) Understanding variation and change in migrant transnationalism [Handbook on Transnationalism], in Yeoh, Brenda S.A.; & Francis L. Collins, eds, Handbook on Transnationalism. Elgar online: Elgar (110–126).
Kotnarowski, Michał; Kacper Szulecki; Toma Burean; Marta Bivand Erdal; Ivo Iliev; Gunda Reire; Ben Stanley; Jogile Ulinskaite & Veronika Zapletalová (2022) External Voting among Central European Migrants Living in Western Europe, PRIO Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Olney, Jessica; Khin Maung ; Lucky ; Shabbir Ahmad; Marte Nilsen; & Gudrun Østby (2022) 'Something Is Better than Nothing': Online Learning Pursuits of Rohingya Youth and Teachers in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, Internal report. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen; & Hannah Murray (2022) Migration and development dynamics in Boa Vista, Cabo Verde, MIGNEX Case STudy Briefs. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo.
Bertelli, Davide; Marta Bivand Erdal; Anatolie Cosciug; Angelina Kussy; Gabriella Mikiewicz; Kacper Szulecki & Corina Tulbure (2022) Living Here, Owning There? Transnational Property Ownership and Migrants’ (Im)Mobility Considerations Beyond Return, Central and Eastern European Migration Review. DOI: 10.54667/ceemr.2022.09.

Peer-reviewed Journal Article

Bertelli, Davide; Marta Bivand Erdal; Anatolie Cosciug; Angelina Kussy; Gabriella Mikiewicz; Kacper Szulecki & Corina Tulbure (2022) Living Here, Owning There? Transnational Property Ownership and Migrants’ (Im)Mobility Considerations Beyond Return, Central and Eastern European Migration Review. DOI: 10.54667/ceemr.2022.09.
Martins, Bruno Oliveira; Kristoffer Lidén & Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert (2022) Border security and the digitalisation of sovereignty: insights from EU borderwork, European Security 31(3): 475–494.
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Kacper Szulecki; Davide Bertelli; Anatolie Cosciug; Angelina Kussy; Gabriella Mikiewicz & Corina Tulbure (2022) On the formation of content for 'political remittances': an analysis of Polish and Romanian migrants comparative evaluations of 'here' and 'there', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2022.2077707.
Akal, Ayşe Bala (2022) Third Country Processing Regimes and the Violation of the Principle of Non-Refoulement: a Case Study of Australia’s Pacific Solution, Journal of International Migration and Integration. DOI: 10.1007/s12134-022-00948-z.
Szulecki, Kacper; Davide Bertelli; Marta Bivand Erdal; Anatolie Cosciug; Angelina Kussy & Gabriella Mikiewicz (2021) To vote or not to vote? Migrant electoral (dis)engagement in an enlarged Europe, Migration Studies. DOI: 10.1093/migration/mnab025.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2021) Migrants’ Multifocal Sedentarism: Ambivalent Belonging and Desired Recognition in Transnational Social Fields Connecting Pakistan and Norway, Journal of Intercultural Studies. DOI: 10.1080/07256868.2021.1971167.
Carling, Jørgen; Marta Bivand Erdal & Cathrine Talleraas (2021) Living in two countries: Transnational living as an alternative to migration, Population, Space and Place 27(5): e2471.
Borchgrevink, Kaja & Ida Roland Birkvad (2021) Religious norms and homeownership among Norwegian Muslim women, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2021.1965866: 1–18.
Horst, Cindy & Odin Lysaker (2021) Miracles in Dark Times: Hannah Arendt and Refugees as ‘Vanguard’, Journal of Refugee Studies 34(1): 67–84.
Ezzati, Rojan Tordhol (2021) ‘United through our values’? Expressing unity through value-talk after terrorism in France and Norway, Migration Studies. DOI: 10.1093/migration/mnab033.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Arnfinn H. Midtbøen (2021) ‘Birthplace unknown’: on the symbolic value of the passport for identity-construction among naturalised citizens, Identities. DOI: 10.1080/1070289X.2021.1933827.
Horst, Cindy & Tore Vincents Olsen (2021) Transnational Citizens, Cosmopolitan Outlooks? Migration as a Route to Cosmopolitanism, Nordic Journal of Migration Research 11(1): 4–19.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Katrine Fangen (2021) A state-centred conception of nationhood? Norwegian bureaucrats on the nation, Ethnicities. DOI: 10.1177/14687968211012567.
Schutte, Sebastian; Jonas Vestby; Jørgen Carling & Halvard Buhaug (2021) Climatic conditions are weak predictors of asylum migration, Nature Communications 12: 2067–.
Borchgrevink, Kaja & Marta Bivand Erdal (2021) The Necessity of Taking a Loan, and the Necessity of Not Doing So: Islamic Finance among Muslim Minorities in Denmark and Norway, Nordic Journal of Religion and Society 34(2): 117–129.
Martins, Bruno Oliveira & Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert (2020) EU Border technologies and the co-production of security ‘problems’ and ‘solutions’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2020.1851470.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Jørgen Carling (2020) New economics of transnational living, Population, Space and Place 2410: 1–11.
Horst, Cindy; Marta Bivand Erdal & Noor Jdid (2020) The “good citizen”: asserting and contesting norms of participation and belonging in Oslo, Ethnic and Racial Studies 43(16): 76–95.
Carling, Jørgen & Heidi Østbø Haugen (2020) Circumstantial migration: how Gambian journeys to China enrich migration theory, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2020.1739385.
Boccagni, Paolo & Marta Bivand Erdal (2020) On the theoretical potential of ‘remittance houses’: Toward a research agenda across emigration contexts, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2020.1804340.
Midtbøen, Arnfinn H.; Grete Brochmann; Marta Bivand Erdal; Mathias Kruse; Kristian Kriegbaum Jensen; Pieter Bevelander; Per Mouritsen & Emily Cochran Bech (2020) Assessments of citizenship criteria: are immigrants more liberal?, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46(13): 2625–2646.
Ezzati, Rojan Tordhol (2020) Value-talk after terrorism: Articulating a united 'we' and a divided 'us', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 47(1): 130–147.
Brekke, Jan Paul; Simon Roland Birkvad & Marta Bivand Erdal (2020) Losing the Right to Stay: Revocation of Refugee Permits in Norway, Journal of Refugee Studies. DOI: 10.1093/jrs/feaa006.
Grabska, Katarzyna (2020) ‘Wasting time’: migratory trajectories of adolescence among Eritrean refugee girls in Khartoum, Critical African Studies 12(1): 22–36.
Franck, Alice & Katarzyna Grabska (2020) Exposition 120 vaches [The art installation 120 cows: co-production of knowledge about the experiences of women refugees], Cahiers d’Études africaines 240: 1023–1026.
Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen (2020) Making it “Easy to Help”: The Evolution of Norwegian Volunteer Initiatives for Refugees, International Migration. DOI: 10.1111/imig.12805: 1–12.
Martins, Bruno Oliveira & Michael Strange (2019) Rethinking EU external migration policy: contestation and critique, Global Affairs 5(3): 195–202.
Tellander, Ebba & Cindy Horst (2019) A Foreign Policy Actor of Importance? The Role of the Somali Diaspora in Shaping Norwegian Policy towards Somalia, Foreign Policy Analysis 1(1): 136–154.
Strange, Michael & Bruno Oliveira Martins (2019) Claiming parity between unequal partners: How African counterparts are framed in the externalisation of EU migration governance, Global Affairs. DOI: 10.1080/23340460.2019.1691932.
Strømsø, Mette (2019) Investigating everyday acts of contributing as ‘admission tickets’ to belong to the nation in Norway, Nations and nationalism. DOI: 10.1111/nana.12536: 1–21.
Geha, Carmen & Cindy Horst (2019) Exporting 'active citizenship': foreign support for citizenship education in the Arab world, Citizenship Studies 23(5): 486–501.
Talleraas, Cathrine (2019) Who are the transnationals? Institutional categories beyond “migrants”, Ethnic and Racial Studies. DOI: 10.1080/01419870.2019.1599133.
Korzeniewska, Lubomiła & Marta Bivand Erdal (2019) Deskilling unpacked: Comparing Filipino and Polish migrant nurses’ professional experiences in Norway, Migration Studies. DOI: 10.1093/migration/mnz053.
Carling, Jørgen & Kerilyn Schewel (2018) Revisiting aspiration and ability in international migration, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44(6): 945–963.
Carling, Jørgen & Francis L. Collins (2018) Aspiration, desire and drivers of migration, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44(6): 909–926.
Horst, Cindy (2018) Making a difference in Mogadishu? Experiences of multi-sited embeddedness among diaspora youth, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44(8): 1341–1356.
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Elin Martine Doeland & Ebba Tellander (2018) How citizenship matters (or not): the citizenship–belonging nexus explored among residents in Oslo, Norway, Citizenship Studies. DOI: 10.1080/13621025.2018.1508415.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Mette Strømsø (2018) Children’s rights, participatory research and the co-construction of national belonging, Human Rights Education Review 1(1): 25–45.
Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen (2018) Control or rescue at sea? Aims and limits of border surveillance technologies in the Mediterranean Sea, Disasters. DOI: 10.1111/disa.12286.
Horst, Cindy (2018) Forced migration: morality and politics, Ethnic and Racial Studies 41(3): 440–447.
Lindskov Jacobsen, Katja & Kristin Bergtora Sandvik (2018) UNHCR and the pursuit of international protection: accountability through technology?, Third World Quarterly. DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2018.1432346.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Mette Strømsø (2018) Interrogating boundaries of the everyday nation through first impressions: experiences of young people in Norway, Social & Cultural Geography. DOI: 10.1080/14649365.2018.1559345.
Talleraas, Cathrine (2017) Reconciling transnational mobility and national social security: what say the welfare state bureaucrats?, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2017.1408461.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Ceri Oeppen (2017) Forced to leave? The discursive and analytical significance of describing migration as forced and voluntary, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2017.1384149.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Tove Heggli Sagmo (2017) Descent, birthplace and residence: Aligning principles of citizenship with realities of migrant transnationalism, Norwegian Journal of Geography. DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2017.1369456.
Buxrud, Bjørnar & Katrine Fangen (2017) Norwegian national day oratory: constructing and reconstructing a national we, Nations and Nationalism 23(4): 770–789.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Marek Pawlak (2017) Reproducing, transforming and contesting gender relations and identities through migration and transnational ties, Gender, Place and Culture. DOI: 10.1080/0966369X.2017.1372378.
Borchgrevink, Kaja & Marta Bivand Erdal (2017) With faith in development: Organizing transnational Islamic charity, Progress in Development Studies 17(3): 214–228.
Carling, Jørgen (2017) Visualizing the transnational connections of China’s most African neighbourhood, Environment and Planning a 49(6): 1209–1213.
Ezzati, Rojan Tordhol & Marta Bivand Erdal (2017) Do we have to agree? Accommodating unity in diversity in post-terror Norway, Ethnicities. DOI: 10.1177/1468796816684145.
Kolås, Åshild (2017) How critical is the event? Multicultural Norway after 22 July 2011, Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture 23(2): 1–15.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Aleksandra Lewicki (2016) Moving citizens: Citizenship practices among Polish migrants in Norway and the United Kingdom, Social Identities 22(1): 112–128.
Bygnes, Susanne & Marta Bivand Erdal (2016) Liquid migration, grounded lives: considerations about future mobility and settlement among Polish and Spanish migrants in Norway, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 43(1): 102–118.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Kaja Borchgrevink (2016) Transnational Islamic charity as everyday rituals, Global Networks. DOI: 10.1111/glob.12137.
Fangen, Katrine & Åshild Kolås (2016) The "Syria traveller": Reintegration or legal sanctioning?, Critical Studies on Terrorism 9(3): 414–432.
Paasche, Erlend (2016) The role of corruption in reintegration: experiences of Iraqi Kurds upon return from Europe, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 42(7): 1076–1093.
Bolognani, Marta & Marta Bivand Erdal (2016) Return Imaginaries and Political Climate: Comparing Thinking About Return Mobilities Among Pakistani Origin Migrants and Descendants in Norway and the UK, Journal of International Migration and Integration 18(1): 353–367.
Horst, Cindy & Anab Nur (2016) Governing Mobility through Humanitarianism in Somalia: Compromising Protection for the Sake of Return, Development and Change 47(3): 542–562.
Bell, Justyna & Marta Bivand Erdal (2015) Limited but enduring transnational ties? Transnational family life among Polish migrants in Norway, Polish Diaspora Review (Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny) 157(3): 77–98.
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Anum Amjad; Qamar Bodla & Asma Rubab (2015) Going Back to Pakistan for Education? The Interplay of Return Mobilities, Education, and Transnational Living, Population, Space and Place 22(8): 836–848.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati (2015) 'Where are you from' or 'when did you come'? Temporal dimensions in migrants' reflections about settlement and return, Ethnic and Racial Studies 38(7): 1202–1217.
Sinatti, Giulia & Cindy Horst (2015) Migrants as agents of development: Diaspora engagement discourse and practice in Europe, Ethnicities 15(1): 134–152.
Horst, Cindy & Katarzyna Grabska (2015) Flight and Exile — Uncertainty in the Context of Conflict-induced displacement, Social Analysis: Journal of Cultural and Social Practice 59(1): 1–18.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2014) ‘This is My Home’: Pakistani and Polish Migrants’ Return Considerations as Articulations About ‘Home’, Comparative Migration Studies 2(3): 361–384.
Brown, Richard; Jørgen Carling; Sonja Fransen & Melissa Siegel (2014) Measuring remittances through surveys: Methodological and conceptual issues for survey designers and data analysts, Demographic Research 31: 1243–1274.
Carling, Jørgen & Silje Vatne Pettersen (2014) Return Migration Intentions in the Integration–Transnationalism Matrix, International Migration 52(6): 13–30.
Carling, Jørgen; Marta Bivand Erdal & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati (2014) Beyond the Insider–Outsider Divide in Migration Research, Migration Studies 2(1): 36–54.
Fangen, Katrine & Mari Vaage (2014) FrP-politikeres innvandringsretorikk i posisjon og opposisjon, Agora: Journal for metafysisk spekulasjon 3(4): 30–63.
Carling, Jørgen (2014) Scripting Remittances: Making Sense of Money Transfers in Transnational Relationships, International Migration Review 48: 218–262.
Sagmo, Tove Heggli (2014) Return Visits as a Marker of Differentiation in the Social Field, Mobilities 10(4): 649–665.
Demetriou, Olga (2014) 'Struck by the Turks': Reflections on Armenian Refugeehood in Cyprus, Patterns of Prejudice 48(2): 167–181.
Harpviken, Kristian Berg (2014) Split Return: Transnational Household Strategies in Afghan Repatriation, International Migration 52(6): 57–71.
Horst, Cindy; Marta Bivand Erdal; Jørgen Carling & Karin Fathimath Afeef (2014) Private money, public scrutiny? Contrasting perspectives on remittances, Global Networks 14(4): 514–532.
Hudson, Heidi & Henning Melber (2014) Contextualising African Identities, Othering and the Politics of Space, Africa Insight 44(1): 1–6.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2013) Migrant Transnationalism and Multi-Layered Integration: Norwegian-Pakistani Migrants’ Own Reflections, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39(6): 983–999.
Carling, Jørgen & Kristian Hoelscher (2013) The Capacity and Desire to Remit: Comparing Local and Transnational Influences, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39(6): 939–958.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Ceri Oeppen (2013) Migrant Balancing Acts: Understanding the Interactions Between Integration and Transnationalism, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39(6): 867–884.
Hernández-Carretero, María & Jørgen Carling (2012) Beyond "Kamikaze Migrants": Risk Taking in West African Boat Migration to Europe, Human Organization 71(4): 407–416.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2012) Who is the money for? Remittances within and beyond the household in Pakistan, Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 21(4): 437–458.
Paasche, Erlend & Katrine Fangen (2012) Transnational Involvement: Reading Quantitative Studies in Light of Qualitative Data, International Journal of Population Research. DOI: 10.1155/2012/580819: 1–12.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2012) 'A Place to Stay in Pakistan': Why Migrants Build Houses in their Country of Origin, Population, Space and Place 18(5): 629–641.
Harpviken, Kristian Berg (2012) The Transnationalization of the Taliban, International Area Studies Review 15(3): 203–229.
Carling, Jørgen; Cecilia Menjívar & Leah Schmalzbauer (2012) Central Themes in the Study of Transnational Parenthood, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 38(2): 191–217.
Åkesson, Lisa; Jørgen Carling & Heike Drotbohm (2012) Mobility, Moralities and Motherhood: Navigating the Contingencies of Cape Verdean Lives, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 38(2): 237–260.
Carling, Jørgen & María Hernández-Carretero (2011) Protecting Europe and Protecting Migrants? Strategies for Managing Unauthorised Migration from Africa, British Journal of Politics and International Relations 13(1): 42–58.
Singh, Narpinder; Are Hugo Pripp; Torkel Brekke & Babill Stray-Pedersen (2010) Different sex ratios of children born to Indian and Pakistani immigrants in Norway, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 10(40).
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Kristian Stokke (2009) Contributing to Development? Transnational Activities among Tamils in Norway, Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 18(3): 397–418.
Carling, Jørgen & Lisa Åkesson (2009) Mobility at the Heart of a Nation: Patterns and Meanings of Cape Verdean Migration, International Migration 47(3): 123–155.
Fadnes, Ellen & Cindy Horst (2009) Responses to Internal Displacement in Colombia: Guided by What Principles?, Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees 26(1): 111–120.
Carling, Jørgen (2008) The Human Dynamics of Migrant Transnationalism, Ethnic and Racial Studies 31(8): 1452–1477.
Horst, Cindy (2008) The Transnational Political Engagements of Refugees: Remittance Sending Practices amongst Somalis in Norway, Conflict, Security and Development 8(3): 31–339.
Carling, Jørgen (2008) Toward a Demography of Immigrant Communities and Their Transnational Potential, International Migration Review 42(2): 449–475.
Carling, Jørgen (2008) The Determinants of Migrant Remittances, Oxford Review of Economic Policy 24(3): 582–599.
Carling, Jørgen (2007) Unauthorized migration from Africa to Spain, International Migration 45(4): 3–37.
Carling, Jørgen (2007) Migration Control and Migrant Fatalities at the Spanish-African Borders, International Migration Review 41(2): 316–343.
Horst, Cindy (2006) Refugee livelihoods: Continuity and Transformations, Refugee Survey Quarterly 25(2): 6–22.
Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Jørgen Carling (2005) On the Edge of the Chinese Diaspora: The Surge of Baihuo Business in an African City, Ethnic and Racial Studies 28(4): 639–662.
Carling, Jørgen (2004) Emigration, Return and Development in Cape Verde: The Impact of Closing Borders, Population, Space and Place 10(2): 113–132.
Carling, Jørgen (2003) Cartographies of Cape Verdean transnationalism, Global Networks 3(4): 533–539.
Carling, Jørgen (2002) Migration in the age of involuntary immobility: Theoretical reflections and Cape Verdean experiences, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 28(1): 5–42.

PhD Thesis

Sagmo, Tove Heggli (2016) Return Migration and Social Change: Creating Distinctions in the Social Field. PhD thesis, Department of Sociology and Human Geography , University of Oslo, Oslo.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2012) Transnational ties and belonging: Remittances from Pakistani migrants in Norway. PhD thesis, Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo.
Carling, Jørgen (2007) Transnationalism in the Context of Restrictive Immigration Policy. PhD thesis, Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Oslo.

Monograph

Szulecki, Kacper; Marta Bivand Erdal & Ben Stanley (2023) External Voting: The Patterns and Drivers of Central European Migrants' Homeland Electoral Participation. Open Access: Palgrave Macmillan Cham. Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship.
Harpviken, Kristian Berg (2009) Social Networks and Migration in Wartime Afghanistan. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Book Chapter

Erdal, Marta Bivand (2022) Migrant transnationalism, remittances and development, in Yeoh, Brenda S.A.; & Francis L. Collins, eds, Handbook on Transnationalism. Elgar online: Elgar (356–370).
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Ceri Oeppen (2022) Theorising voluntariness in return, in King, Russell; & Katie Kuschminder, eds, Handbook of Return Migration. Elgar online: Elgar (70–83).
Carling, Jørgen (2022) Understanding variation and change in migrant transnationalism [Handbook on Transnationalism], in Yeoh, Brenda S.A.; & Francis L. Collins, eds, Handbook on Transnationalism. Elgar online: Elgar (110–126).
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Lubomiła Korzeniewska & Davide Bertelli (2022) Becoming Destination(s)? Complex Migration Trajectories, Transnational Lifeworlds and Migration Decisions, in Ahrens, Jill; & Russell King, eds, Onward Migration and Multi-Sited Transnationalism Complex Trajectories, Practices and Ties (IMISCOE Research Series). e-book: Springer (23–43).
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2022) «Kan man se norsk ut?» Om norskhet som en referanse for rasimse ["Can one look Norwegian?" On Norwegianness as a reference point for racism], in Cora Alexa Døving, ed., Rasisme : Fenomenet, forskningen, erfaringen. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget (188–203).
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2020) Migration, Forced, in Audrey Kobayashi, ed., International Encyclopedia of Human Geography. Amsterdam: Elsevier (105–110).
Horst, Cindy (2020) Collective hope in dark times: Refugee political agency influencing migration trajectories, in Vezzoli, Simona; & Hein de Haas, eds, Renewing the migration debate. Building disciplinary and geographical bridges to explain global migration. Amsterdam: The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and the International Migration Institute (IMI) (66–71).
Carling, Jørgen (2020) Two-step approaches and the concept of aspirations in migration theory, in Vezzoli, Simona; & Hein de Haas, eds, Renewing the migration debate. Building disciplinary and geographical bridges to explain global migration (KNAW Academy Colloquium). Amsterdam: The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and the International Migration Institute (IMI) (37–45).
Grabska, Katarzyna (2020) Tracac czas: migracja dziewczat z Erytrei do Chartumu [‘Wasting time’: migratory trajectories of adolescence among Eritrean refugee girls in Khartoum], in Jaroslaw Rozanski, ed., Collectanea Sudanica vol. 4. Warsaw:: Wyszynski University (217–252).
Kleive, Hildegunn Valen; Anders Aschim; Marta Bivand Erdal & Marte Fanneløb Giskeødegård (2020) Når Jesus tar til gatene: Katolske Corpus Christi-prosesjoner i norske byrom [Jesus Takes to the Streets: Catholic Corpus Chrsiti Processions in Norwegian Urban Spaces], in Sæther, Knut-Willy; & Anders Aschim, eds, Rom og sted: Religionsfaglige og interdisiplinære bidrag. Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk (47–65).
Hatay, Mete & Ali Dayıoğlu (2020) Cyprus, in Egdūnas Račius, ed., Yearbook of Muslims in Europe Vol. 12. Netherlands: Brill (250–271).
Horst, Cindy (2019) Refugees, Peacebuilding, and the Anthropology of the Good, in Bradley, Megan; James Milner; & Blair Peruniak, eds, Refugees' Roles in Resolving Displacement and Building Peace: Beyond Beneficiaries. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press (39–54).
Talleraas, Cathrine (2019) Complementing theories: institutional ethnography and organisation theory in institutional analysis, in W. B. Lund, Rebecca; & Ann Christin E. Nilsen, eds, Institutional Ethnography in the Nordic Region. London: Routledge (51–64).
Reklev, Linn Marie & Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert (2018) Shaping the political space for resettlement: The debate on burden-sharing in Norway following the Syrian refugee crisis, in Garnier, Adèle; Kristin Bergtora Sandvik; & Liliana Jubilut, eds, Refugee Resettlement: Power, Politics and Humanitarian Governance. New York: Berghahn Books (159–182).
Cellini, Amanda (2018) Current Refugee Resettlement Program Profiles, in Garnier, Adèle; Kristin Bergtora Sandvik; & Liliana Jubilut, eds, Refugee Resettlement: Power, Politics and Humanitarian Governance. New York: Berghahn Books (253–305).
Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen (2018) European Responses to the Mediterranean 'Refugee Crisis' and the Fear of Saving Lives, in Kuzelewska, Elzbieta; Amy Weatherburn; & Dariusz (Darek) Kloza, eds, Irregular Migration as a Challenge for Democracy. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Intersentia Ltd. (113–122).
Ezzati, Rojan Tordhol (2018) Grenser for fellesskap: Mangfold og uenigheter i lys av 22. juli, in Henrik Syse, ed., Norge etter 22. juli: Forhandlinger om verdier, identiteter og et motstandsdyktig samfunn. Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk (47–65).
Borchgrevink, Kaja & Marta Bivand Erdal (2017) The Circulation of Transnational Islamic Charity, in Nowicka, Magdalena; & Vojin Šerbedžija, eds, Migration and Social Remittances in a Global Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (259–280).
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Ceri Oeppen (2017) Forced to return? Agency and the role of post-return mobility for wellbeing among returnees to Afghanistan, Pakistan and Poland, in Vathi, Zana; & Russell King, eds, Return Migration and Wellbeing: Discourses, Policy-Making and Outcomes for Migrants and Their Families. Abingdon: Routledge (39–55).
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2017) Mobilitet og tilhørighet [Mobility and belonging], in Jordhus Lier, David; & Kristian Stokke, eds, Samfunnsgeografi: En innføring [Introduction to human geography]. Oslo: Cappelen Damm (275–290).
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2017) Pakistani diaspora communities in Norway: Part of a transnational social field for how long?, in Rashid Amjad, ed., The Pakistani Diaspora: Corridors of Opportunity and Uncertainty. Lahore: Lahore School of Economics (197–224).
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2017) Timespaces of return migration: The interplay of everyday practices and imaginaries of return in transnational social fields, in Mavroudi, Elizabeth; Ben Page; & Anastasia Christou, eds, Timespace and International Migration. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar (104–118).
Horst, Cindy; Stephen Lubkemann & Robtel Pailey (2016) The Invisibility of a Third Humanitarian Domain, in Sezgin, Zeynep; & Dennis Dijkzeul, eds, The New Humanitarians in International Practice: Emerging actors and contested principles. London: Routledge (213–231).
Al-Sharmani, Mulki & Cindy Horst (2016) Marginal actors? Diaspora Somalis Negotiate Their Citizenship, in Ahponen, Pirkkoliisa; Päivi Harinen; & Ville-Samuli Haverinen, eds, Dislocations of Civic Cultural Borderlines: Methodological Nationalism, Transnational Reality and Cosmopolitan Dreams. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing (107–122).
Carling, Jørgen (2016) Trajectórias transnacionais de mães e crianças nas famílias cabo-verdanas [Mother-child trajectories in Cape Verdean transnational families], in Furtado, Cláudio Alves; Pierre-Joseph Laurent; & Iolanda Évora, eds, As Ciências Sociais em Cabo Verde. Praia: Edições Uni-CV (187–206).
Carling, Jørgen (2016) West and Central Africa, in McAuliffe, Marie; & Frank Laczko, eds, Migrant Smuggling Data and Research: a Global Review of the Emerging Evidence Base. Geneva: International Organization for Migration (25–53).
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2016) Innenfra, utenfra og tredjeposisjoner? Refleksiv posisjonalitet i forskning blant katolikker i Norge [Insider, outsider or third positions? Reflexive positionality in research among Catholics in Norway], in Aschim, Anders; Olav Hovdelien; & Helje Kringlebotn Sødal, eds, Kristne migranter i Norden [Christian migrants in the Nordic countries]. Kristiansand: Portal.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2016) When Poland became the main country of birth among Catholics in Norway’: Exploring the interface of Polish migrants’ everyday narratives and Church responses to a rapid demographic re-constitution, in Pasura, Dominic; & Marta Bivand Erdal, eds, Migration, Transnationalism and Catholicism: Global Perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pasura, Dominic & Marta Bivand Erdal (2016) Introduction: Migration, Transnationalism and Catholicism, in Pasura, Dominic; & Marta Bivand Erdal, eds, Migration, Transnationalism and Catholicism: Global Perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2015) The diaspora meets the ‘development industry’: Engaging Norwegian-Pakistanis in development back home, in Tan, Y.T.; & M. Rahman, eds, International Migration and Development In South Asia. Abingdon: Routledge (44–60).
Sagmo, Tove Heggli (2015) The role of social capital in post-conflict business development: perspectives from returning migrants in Burundi, in Africa's Return Migrants: the New Developers?. London: Zed Books (109–129).
Engbersen, Godfried; Erik Snel & Cindy Horst (2015) Beyond networks: Insights on feedback and mechanisms of the middle range, in Beyond Networks: Feedback in International Migration. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (231–246).
Horst, Cindy; Sonia Pereira & Olivia Sheringham (2015) The Impact of Class on Feedback Mechanisms: Brazilian Migration to Norway, Portugal and the United Kingdom, in Beyond Networks: Feedback in International Migration. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (90–112).
Carling, Jørgen (2015) Making and Breaking a Chain: Migrants’ Decisions about Helping Others Migrate, in Bakewell, Oliver; Godfried Engbersen; Lucinda Fonseca; & Cindy Horst, eds, Beyond Networks: Feedback in International Migration. Basingstoke: Palgrave (156–182).
Carling, Jørgen & Dominique Jolivet (2015) Exploring 12 Migration Corridors: Rationale, Methodology and Overview, in Bakewell, Oliver; Godfried Engbersen; Lucinda Fonseca; & Cindy Horst, eds, Beyond Networks: Feedback in International MIgration. Basingstoke: Palgrave (18–46).
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2014) The social dynamics of remittance-receiving in Pakistan: Agency and opportunity among non-migrants in a transnational social field, in Migrant Remittances In South Asia Social, Economic and Political Implications. London: Palgrave Macmillan (115–134).
Demetriou, Olga (2014) Situating Loss in the Greek-Turkish Encounter in Cyprus, in Vally Lytra, ed., When Greeks and Turks Meet: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Relationship Since 1923. Farnham: Ashgate (45–64).
Ezzati, Rojan Tordhol & Cindy Horst (2014) Norwegian collaboration with diasporas, in Laakso, Liisa; & Petri Hautaniemi, eds, Diasporas, Development and Peacemaking in the Horn of Africa. London/New York: Zed Books.
Friberg, Jon Horgen & Cindy Horst (2014) RDS and the Structure of Migrant Populations, in Tyldum, Guri; & Lisa Johnston, eds, Applying Respondent Driven Sampling to Migrant Populations. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Montealegre, Jane; Antje Röder & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati (2014) Formative assessment, data collection and parallell monitoring for RDS fieldwork, in Tyldum, Guri; & Lisa Johnston, eds, Applying Respondent Driven Sampling to migrant populations. Lessons from the field. London: Palgrave Pivot (62–83).
Harpviken, Kristian Berg & Sarah Lischer (2013) Refugee Militancy in Exile and Upon Return in Afghanistan and Rwanda, in Jeffrey T. Checkel, ed., Transnational Dynamics of Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (89–119).
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati (2013) Når ute også er hjemme. Migrasjon og utenrikspolitikk, in Weltzien, Åsmund; & Odd Mølster, eds, Norge og det nye verdenskartet. Oslo: Cappelen Damm (58–79).
Horst, Cindy (2013) International Aid to Refugees in Kenya: The Neglected Role of the Somali Diaspora, in Kane, Abdoulaye; & Todd Leedy, eds, African Migrations: Patterns and Perspectives. Indiana: Indiana University Press (195–210).
Paasche, Erlend; Arne Strand & Are Knudsen (2013) War and Migration, in The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.
Horst, Cindy(2012) The Livelihoods Approach Food Security Handbook. : Norwegian Refugee Council.
Naftalin, Mark (2012) Darfur, in The Oxford Companion to American Politics. New York: Oxford University Press (249–254).
Naftalin, Mark (2012) Darfur, in The Oxford Companion to Comparative Politics. New York: Oxford University Press (273–278).
Carling, Jørgen (2012) Collecting, Analysing and Presenting Migration Histories, in Carlos Vargas-Silva, ed., Handbook of Research Methods in Migration. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing (137–162).
Horst, Cindy & Roger Zetter (2012) Chapter 2: Vulnerability and Protection: reducing risks and promoting security for forced migrants, in World Disaster Report 2012. Geneva: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (46–79).
Carling, Jørgen (2011) The European Paradox of Unwanted Migration, in Burgess, J. Peter; & Serge Gutwirth, eds, A Threat Against Europe? Security, Migration and Integration. Brussels: Brussels University Press (VUB) (33–46).
Ezzati, Rojan Tordhol (2011) 'Alle ser på oss som utlendinger uansett': Selvbilder og andre bilder av unge menn med muslimsk bakgrunn etter 11. september 2001, in Eriksen, Thomas Hylland; & Hans Erik Næss, eds, Kulturell kompleksitet i det nye Norge. Oslo: Unipub (57–67).
Harpviken, Kristian Berg (2010) The Return of the Refugee Warrior: Migration and Armed Resistance in Herat, in Schlenkhoff, Angela; & Ceri Oeppen, eds, Beyond the Wild Tribes: Understanding Modern Afghanistan and its Diaspora. London: (121–137).
Batalha, Luís & Jørgen Carling (2008) Cape Verdean Migration and Diaspora, in Batalha, Luís; & Jørgen Carling, eds, Transnational Archipelago: Perspectives on Cape Verdean Migration and Diaspora. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press (13–32).
Carling, Jørgen (2008) Interrogating Remittances: Core Questions for Deeper Insight and Better Policies, in Castles, Stephen; & Raúl Delgado Wise, eds, Migration and Development: Perspectives from the South. Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM) (43–64).
Carling, Jørgen (2008) Cape Verdeans in the Netherlands, in Batalha, Luís; & Jørgen Carling, eds, Transnational Archipelago: Perspectives on Cape Verdean Migration and Diaspora.. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press (91–100).
Carling, Jørgen & Heidi Østbø Haugen (2008) Mixed Fates of a Popular Minority: Chinese Migrants in Cape Verde, in Alden, Chris; Daniel Large; & Ricardo Soares de Oliveira, eds, China Returns to Africa: a Rising Power and a Continent Embrace. London: Hurst (319–338).
Horst, Cindy (2007) Connected Lives: Somalis in Minneapolis Dealing with Family Responsibilities and Migration Dreams of Relatives, in Somalia: Diaspora and State Reconstitution in the Horn of Africa. London: (89–101).
Horst, Cindy (2007) The Role of Remittances in the Transnational Livelihood Strategies of Somalis, in Global Migration and Development. London: .
Carling, Jørgen (2007) Interrogar a las remesas: perguntas centrales para reflexiones más profundas y políticas más adecuadas [Interrogating remittances: core questions for deeper insight and better policies], in Castles, Stephen; & Raúl Delgado Wise, eds, Migración y desarrollo: perspectivas desde el sur. México D.F.: Miguel Angel Porrua (51–73).
Carling, Jørgen (2007) 'Diaspora', 'Immigration', 'Emigration', 'Population', and 'Remittances', in Lobban, Jr., Richard A.; & Paul Khalil Saucier, eds, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cape Verde. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
Horst, Cindy (2007) The Somali Community in Minneapolis: Expectations and Realities, in From Mogadishu to Dixon: the Somali Diaspora in a Global Context. Trenton, NJ: .
Carling, Jørgen (2005) Incorporating Insight from Migration Research into Policy on Remittances, in Migration, Remittances and Development. Paris: OECD (289–296).

Edited Volume

Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen; & Elisa Pascucci, eds, (2021) Citizen Humanitarianism at European Borders. London and New York: Routledge. Humanitarian Studies series.
Pasura, Dominic; & Marta Bivand Erdal, eds, (2016) Migration, Transnationalism and Catholicism: Global Perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bakewell, Oliver; Godfried Engbersen; Lucinda Fonseca; & Cindy Horst, eds, (2015) Beyond Networks: Feedback in International Migration. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Batalha, Luís; & Jørgen Carling, eds, (2008) Transnational Archipelago. Perspectives on Cape Verdean Migration and Diaspora. Amsterdam.
Carling, Jørgen (ed.) (2002) Nordic demography: Trends and differentials. Oslo: Nordic Demographic Society. Scandinavian Population Studies.

Non-refereed Journal Article

Erdal, Marta Bivand & Louise Ryan (2018) Gendered, spatial and temporal approaches to Polish intra-European migration, Gender, Place and Culture. DOI: 10.1080/0966369X.2018.1472068.
Stokke, Kristian & Marta Bivand Erdal (2017) Political geographies of citizenship (Introduction to special issue), Norwegian Journal of Geography. DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2017.1359207.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Aleksandra Lewicki (2016) Polish migration within Europe: mobility, transnationalism and integration, Social Identities 22(1): 1–9.
Horst, Cindy (2015) Somalia’s hope for the future? The return of young Diaspora Somalis, Horn of Africa Bulletin 27(5): 12–17.
Carling, Jørgen; Erlend Paasche & Melissa Siegel (2015) Finding Connections: The Nexus between Migration and Corruption, Migration Information Source 5.
Carling, Jørgen & Marta Bivand Erdal (2014) Return Migration and Transnationalism: How Are the Two Connected?, International Migration 52(6): 2–12.
Lee, Jennifer; Jørgen Carling & Pia Orrenius (2014) The International Migration Review at 50: Reflecting on Half a Century of International Migration Research and Looking Ahead, International Migration Review 48: 3–36.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2014) Transnationalism in a Comparative Perspective: An Introduction, Comparative Migration Studies 2(3): 255–260.
Carling, Jørgen (2007) The Merits and Limitations of Spain's High-Tech Border Control, Migration Information Source.
Carling, Jørgen (2005) Trafficking in Women from Nigeria to Europe, Migration Information Source.
Carling, Jørgen & Heidi Østbø Haugen (2005) Sie wagen und gewinnen. Chinesische Händler in Afrika. [They Dare and Win. Chinese Traders in Africa.], Der Überblick: Zeitschrift für ökumenische Begegnung und internationale Zusammenarbeit 41(4): 19–23.

Popular Article

Pallister-Wilkins, Polly (2023) Ukrainian companion animals: unsettling humanitarian borders (2/3), Refugee Law Initiative, 12 January.
Borchgrevink, Kaja; Marta Bivand Erdal & Ida Roland Birkvad (2022) En mangfoldig befolkning stiller nye krav til boligmarkedet [A more diverse population places new demands on the housing market], Utrop, 4 November.
Nilsen, Marte (2022) Rohingya-krisen fem år etter massakren, Bistandsaktuelt, 25 August.
Nilsen, Marte (2022) Rohingya, fem år etter, Klassekampen, 25 August.
Nilsen, Marte (2022) Rohingya refugees still desperate, five years after a genocide, Southeast Asia Globe, 25 August.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert (2022) Different Responses to Mobility at Europe’s Borders, Border Criminologies blog, 31 March.
Akal, Ayşe Bala (2021) Denmark leading the race to the bottom: Hostility as a form of migration control, RLI Blog on Refugee Law and Forced Migration, 29 September.
Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen (2021) When the storm subsides: what happened to grassroots initiatives assisting refugees?, ISS blog on Global Development and Social Justice, 28 May.
Carling, Jørgen (2021) What makes people want to migrate? One chart sums it up, The Startup, 2 February.
Røsæg, Erik (2020) The duty to rescue refugees and migrants at sea, Border Criminologies, 25 March.
Franko, Katja & Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert (2020) The controversial lifesavers: NGO Search and rescue in the Mediterranean, Border Criminologies, 23 March.
Brekke, Jan-Paul & Marta Bivand Erdal (2019) Asylpraksis truer integreringen, Forskersonen, 6 June.
Borchgrevink, Kaja; Marta Bivand Erdal & Torkel Brekke (2019) Id-feiring og muslimsk giverglede, VG, 5 June.
Carling, Jørgen; Marta Bivand Erdal; Bård Harstad; Carl Henrik Knutsen; Trude Lappegård; Torbjørn Skardhamar & Gudrun Østby (2018) Forskningsrådet vil snu opp ned på hvordan forskning kvalitetssikres, forbedres, vurderes og deles | Forskere ved PRIO og UiO, Aftenposten, 14 November.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Arnfinn H. Midtbøen (2018) Det mangfoldige akademiet [The diverse academia], Khrono.no, 6 November.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2018) Ja, migranter har også borgerplikt, Dagens Næringsliv, 28 September.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2018) Migrasjon er ikke uetisk, Dagens Næringsliv, 21 September.
Borchgrevink, Kaja & Marta Bivand Erdal (2018) Skal gi så det svir når fasten er slutt, Dagens Næringsliv, 15 June.
Midtbøen, Arnfinn H.; Simon Roland Birkvad & Marta Bivand Erdal (2018) Hvem skal få bli statsborgere?, Aftenposten, 7 June.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2018) Nurse migration and the Global Compact for Migration, Migration for welfare (WELLMIG) project blog, 18 May.
Borchgrevink, Kaja & Marta Bivand Erdal (2017) Muslimsk medmenneseklighet [Muslim compassion], Dagbladet, 30 June.
Borchgrevink, Kaja & Marta Bivand Erdal (2017) Muslimsk medmenneseklighet [Muslim compassion], Dagbladet, 30 June.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2017) Hvem godtar vi som «norske»? [Who do we accept as "Norwegian"?], Aftenposten, 14 March.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Mette Strømsø (2017) Hva er norskhet? [What is Norwegianness?], VG, 17 January.
Reklev, Linn Marie (2016) Resettlement in contemporary Norway – lessons from a discourse analysis of the Norwegian debate on the Syrian refugee crisis, Norwegian Centre for Humanitarian Studies Blog, 1 December.
Ezzati, Rojan Tordhol (2016) Fellesskap i terrorens tid [A sense of community in times of terror], Dagsavisen, 20 July.
Sagmo, Tove Heggli; Marta Bivand Erdal; Rojan Tordhol Ezzati; Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert & Håvard Mokleiv Nygård (2015) Innvandringsdebatt på feil premisser [Wrong premises for the debate about immigration into Europe], NRK Ytring, 8 September.
Borchgrevink, Kaja & Marta Bivand Erdal (2015) Muslimer flest feirer id [Most Muslims Celebrate Eid], Dagbladet, 16 July.
Hatay, Mete (2015) 35. Paralel ve Göç Hareketleri [35th Paralel and Forced Migration], Poli, Havadis Newspaper, 21.6.2015, 21 June.
Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen & Cindy Horst (2015) En byrde ingen vil bære [A burden no one wants to bear], Dagsavisen, 16 June.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2015) Når foreldre frykter staten [When parents fear the state], Vårt Land, 6 June.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati (2015) Når blir du norsk? [When do you become Norwegian?], Aftenposten, 8 May.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati (2015) Evig innvandrer, aldri norsk [Eternal immigrant, never Norwegian], Bergens Tidende, 22 January.
Borchgrevink, Kaja & Marta Bivand Erdal (2014) Norske fremmedhjelpere [Foreign helpers], NRK Ytring, 19 December.
Jdid, Noor (2014) Ufrivillig tvangstrøye [Involuntary Straightjacket], Dagbladet, 12 November.
Paasche, Erlend (2014) Nationalism Under Pressure: Islamic State, Iraq and Kurdistan, ISN Security Watch, 24 October.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Tove Heggli Sagmo (2014) Avleggs statsborgerskapslov [Outdated citizenship legislation], Dagens Næringsliv, 6 October.
Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen (2014) Flytkningene er et felles ansvar [Refugees are a shared responsibility], NRK Ytring, 16 September.
Paasche, Erlend (2014) Kan Irak fikses? [Can Iraq be fixed?], Dagsavisen, 29 August.
Paasche, Erlend (2014) Vaklende løsrivelse [Faltering seccession], Morgenbladet, 22 August.
Paasche, Erlend (2014) Nasjonalisme under press [Nationalism under pressure], Dagens Næringsliv, 11 August.
Borchgrevink, Kaja & Marta Bivand Erdal (2014) Muslimsk dugnad for de fattige [Muslim charity for the poor], VG, 28 July.
Talleraas, Cathrine & Marta Bivand Erdal (2014) Stillheten om retur til Etiopia [The silence about return to Ethiopia], Ytring, 18 June.
Carling, Jørgen (2013) En langvarig utfordring [A Long-Term Challenge], NRK Ytring, 4 October.
Borchgrevink, Kaja & Marta Bivand Erdal (2013) Den usynlige bistanden, Klassekampen, 11 July.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati (2013) Norge og det nye verdenskartet [Norway and the new world map], Dagsavisen, 22 May.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Tove Heggli Sagmo (2013) Mindre norsk med to pass [Less Norwegian with two passports], Ytring, 24 March.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2012) Tillit til staten [Confidence in the state], Dagbladet, 19 December.
Horst, Cindy (2012) Finding protection from violent conflict and famine?, Sarvi. Horn of Africa Journal, 8 December.
Harpviken, Kristian Berg & Mark Naftalin (2012) Conflating Spaces: Syrian Rebels and Refugees in South Turkey, ISN Security Watch, 18 September.
Harpviken, Kristian Berg & Mark Naftalin (2012) Militarisering av flyktningene [Militarization amongst refugees], Dagsavisen, 29 August.
Horst, Cindy (2012) En trygg havn? [A safe haven?], Dagbladet, 3 July.
Lischer, Sarah (2011) No Refuge for Somali Refugees, Huffington Post, 4 November.
Lischer, Sarah (2011) Why Western Aid Won't Save Somalia, Huffington Post, 9 August.
Ezzati, Rojan Tordhol (2011) Fragmentering i terrorens tid [Fragmentation in the Time of Terror], Dagsavisen, 2 August.
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Cindy Horst; Jørgen Carling & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati (2010) Bidrar 'her' og 'der' [Contribute 'here' and 'there'], Aftenposten, 8 November.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Cindy Horst (2010) Ekskludert fra utvikling? [Excluded from Development?], Dagsavisen, 29 July.
Ezzati, Rojan Tordhol (2010) Kravet om forklaring, Dagsavisen, 14 July.
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Mohamed Husein Gaas & Cindy Horst (2008) Tvunget til lovbrudd [Forced to Break the Law], Dagbladet, 2 April.
Carling, Jørgen & Frida Austvoll Nome (2005) Hvem er menneskesmuglerne? [Who are the Human Smugglers?], Dagbladet, 1 February.

PRIO Report

Horst, Cindy; Marta Bivand Erdal; Kjersti Fjørtoft; Jonas Jakobsen; Noor Jdid; Per Mouritsen; & Tore Vincents Olsen (2019) Active Citizenship Today, PRIO Project Summary. Oslo: PRIO.
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Rojan Tordhol Ezzati; Katrine Fangen; Thomas Lacroix; Åshild Kolås; Mette Strømsø; & Michael Collyer (2017) Negotiating the Nation: Implications of Ethnic and Religious Diversity for National Identity, PRIO Project Summary. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen; Marta Bivand Erdal; & Ebba Tellander (2017) Insights from Migration Research at PRIO, PRIO Research Summary. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen; Marta Bolognani; Marta Bivand Erdal; Rojan Tordhol Ezzati; Ceri Oeppen; Erlend Paasche; Silje Vatne Pettersen; & Tove Heggli Sagmo (2015) Possibilities and Realities of Return Migration, PRIO Project Summary. Oslo: PRIO.
Horst, Cindy; Rojan Tordhol Ezzati; Matteo Guglielmo; Petra Mezzetti; Päivi Pirkkalainen; Valeria Saggiomo; Giulia Sinatti; & Andrea Warnecke (2010) Participation of Diasporas in Peacebuilding and Development. A Handbook for Practitioners and Policymakers, PRIO Report, 2. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen; Marta Bivand Erdal; Cindy Horst; & Hilde Wallacher (2007) Legal, Rapid and Reasonably Priced? A Survey of Remittance Services in Norway, PRIO Report, 3. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen (2005) Migrant Remittances and Development Cooperation, PRIO Report, 1. Oslo: PRIO.

Master Thesis

Fisher, Kelly (2021) Moving Masculinities: Polish Men's Migration Experiences in Oslo. MA thesis, Centre for Gender Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Nydal, Ole Sevrin (2019) Transit Migration as Opportunity for Rebel Organizations: A Mixed Methods Analysis of the Sahel. MA thesis, Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, Oslo.
Bertelli, Davide (2019) Sense of Belonging and Political Participation: A Qualitative Case Study Connecting Migrants’ Sense of Belonging and Political Participation in Brescia, Italy. MA thesis, Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Oslo.
Tjønn, Mathias Hatleskog (2019) The Persistence of Colonialism: A Century of Italo-Libyan Relationships and Its Influence on the Current Mediterranean Migration Regime (1911–2017). MA thesis, Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History, University of Oslo, Oslo.
Talleraas, Cathrine (2014) The policy determinants of migration: What is the role of the Senegalese government in shaping patterns of migration from Senegal to Europe?. MA thesis, Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Oslo.
Paasche, Erlend (2009) From Context of Flight to Characteristics of Exile : Iraqi refugees and Syrian security. MA thesis, University of Oslo, Oslo.
Stigum, Marielle (2009) Media Discourse and the Migrant : Constructing Migrant Legality and Illegality in France. MA thesis, Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Oslo.
Hernández-Carretero, María (2008) Risk-taking in Unauthorised Migration. MA thesis, Centre for Peace Studies, University of Tromsø.
Sandbæk, Miriam Latif (2007) “Everybody Wants To Go Abroad”: An Ethnographic Analysis of Migration Motivations in Morocco. MA thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen (KU), Copenhagen.

Conference Paper

Paasche, Erlend (2014) Elites and emulators: the evolution of an Iraqi Kurdish - European migration system, presented at THEMIS conference: Theorizing migration systems, University of Oxford, 26.02.2014.
Harpviken, Kristian Berg (2008) What is Special about Refugee Warriors?Center for Global Studies, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, 18 April.
Carling, Jørgen & María Hernández-Carretero (2008) Kamikaze Migrants? Understanding and Tackling High-risk Migration from Africa, presented at Narratives of Migration Management and Cooperation with Countries of Origin and Transit, Sussex Centre for Migration Research, University of Sussex, 18–19 September.
Horst, Cindy (2007) A Monopoly on Assistance? International Aid to Refugee Camps and the Role of the Diaspora, presented at AEGIS Conference, Leiden, 11 July.
Carling, Jørgen (2004) Unauthorized Entry at Europe’s Southern Borders: Routes, Dynamics and Fatalities, presented at International Migration in Europe: New Trends, New Methods of Analysis, Rome, 25–27 November .
Carling, Jørgen (2004) Mellom to hjemland [Between Two Homelands], presented at Utlendingsdirektoratets vårkonferanse 2004, Radisson SAS Oslo Plaza, Oslo, 19 April.
Carling, Jørgen (2004) Policy options for increasing the benefits of remittancesGeneva, 27 September—1 October.

PRIO Policy Brief

Erdal, Marta Bivand; Jørgen Carling; Cindy Horst & Mathias Hatleskog Tjønn (2020) Diaspora, Development and Integration: A Review of Policies and Practice, PRIO Policy Brief, 5. Oslo: PRIO.
Horst, Cindy (2019) Tapping into ‘the New We’: Migrant Civic and Political Participation in Norway, PRIO Policy Brief, 14. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen & Marta Bivand Erdal (2018) Is ‘Sustainable Migration’ a Valuable Concept?, PRIO Policy Brief, 5. Oslo: PRIO.
Verwimp, Philip; Davide Osti & Gudrun Østby (2018) Forced Displacement, Migration and Pregnancy Risk: Micro-level evidence from Burundi, GPS Policy Brief, 2. Oslo: PRIO.
Korzeniewska, Lubomiła (2018) Paying Taxes and Accessing Welfare across Borders, PRIO Policy Brief, 11. Oslo: PRIO.
Horst, Cindy & Marta Bivand Erdal (2018) What is Diversity?, PRIO Policy Brief, 12. Oslo: PRIO.
Talleraas, Cathrine & Lubomiła Korzeniewska (2018) The Morality of Transnational Social Security: When is it fair to export Norwegian social security benefits?, PRIO Policy Brief, 6. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen (2017) Refugee Advocacy and the Meaning of ‘Migrants’, PRIO Policy Brief, 2. Oslo: PRIO.
Harpviken, Kristian Berg (2016) Exile Socialization, PRIO Policy Brief, 7. Oslo: PRIO.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Mette Strømsø (2016) Norskhet i flertall [Plural Norwegianness], PRIO Policy Brief, 14. Oslo: PRIO.
Horst, Cindy & Nasra Jama (2016) Resources for Health Care in Somaliland: From the International to the Communal?, PRIO Policy Brief, 23. Oslo: PRIO.
Tellander, Ebba & Mohamed Aden Hassan (2016) Isla-xisaabtanka Nidaamka Cashuuraha ee Somaliland [Accountability in the Taxation System in Somaliland], PRIO Policy Brief, 24. Oslo: PRIO.
Harpviken, Kristian Berg (2016) ‘Voting with Their Feet’ or Returning to Fight?, PRIO Policy Brief, 9. Oslo: PRIO.
Tellander, Ebba & Mohamed Aden Hassan (2016) Accountability in the Taxation System in Somaliland, PRIO Policy Brief, 24. Oslo: PRIO.
Harpviken, Kristian Berg & Benjamin Onne Yogev (2016) Syria’s Internally Displaced and the Risk of Militarization, PRIO Policy Brief, 6. Oslo: PRIO.
Hansen, Julie Marie (2016) Women Building Peace after Forced Migration: The Case of the Myanmar Diaspora in Norway, GPS Policy Brief, 2. Oslo: PRIO.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati (2015) Alder, botid og livsfase: Integrering i et tidsperspektiv [Norwegian version], PRIO Policy Brief, 1. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO).
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati (2015) Age, life cycle, and length of stay: temporal perspectives on integration [English version], PRIO Policy Brief, 1. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO).
Horst, Cindy & Tove Heggli Sagmo (2015) Humanitarianism and Return: Compromising Protection?, PRIO Policy Brief, 3. Oslo: PRIO.
Horst, Cindy (2015) Back in Business? Diaspora Return to Somalia, PRIO Policy Brief, 5. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen & Silje Vatne Pettersen (2015) The Matrix of Attachment, PRIO Policy Brief, 8. Oslo: PRIO.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2015) Pakistan as a Return Migration Destination, PRIO Policy Brief, 13. Oslo: PRIO.
Borchgrevink, Kaja & Marta Bivand Erdal (2015) Other Voices, Other Choices?, PRIO Policy Brief, 15. Oslo: PRIO.
Oeppen, Ceri & Nassim Majidi (2015) Can Afghans Reintegrate after Assisted Return from Europe?, PRIO Policy Brief, 7. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen & Silje Vatne Pettersen (2015) Tilknytningsmatrisen [The Matrix of Attachment], PRIO Policy Brief, 8. Oslo: PRIO.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Cathrine Talleraas (2015) Becoming One of Us?, PRIO Policy Brief, 11. Oslo: PRIO.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2015) How Polish Migrants in Norway Consider Return Migration, PRIO Policy Brief, 12. Oslo: PRIO.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Kaja Borchgrevink (2015) Diaspora Development Engagements Seen Through the Prism of Islamic Charity, PRIO Policy Brief, 16. Oslo: PRIO.
Talleraas, Cathrine (2014) The Unintended Effects of Norway’s Readmission Agreement with Ethiopia, PRIO Policy Brief, 3. Oslo: PRIO.
Paasche, Erlend (2014) Iraqi Kurdistan: Partner Under Pressure, PRIO Policy Brief, 4. Oslo: PRIO.
Paasche, Erlend (2014) Why Assisted Return Programmes Must Be Evaluated, PRIO Policy Brief, 8. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO).
Carling, Jørgen (2013) Who wants to go to Europe? Results from a large-scale survey on migration aspirations, PRIO Policy Brief, 4. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen (2013) Ensuring the welfare of children who stay when parents migrate, PRIO Policy Brief, 8. Oslo: PRIO.
Naftalin, Mark & Kristian Berg Harpviken (2012) Rebels and Refugees: Syrians in Southern Turkey, PRIO Policy Brief, 10. Oslo: PRIO.
Gaas, Mohamed Husein & Cindy Horst (2009) Diaspora Organizations from the Horn of Africa in Norway: Contributions to Peacebuilding?, PRIO Policy Brief, 2. Oslo: PRIO.
Horst, Cindy (2008) Diaspora Engagements in Development Cooperation, PRIO Policy Brief, 8. Oslo: PRIO.

PRIO Paper

Kotnarowski, Michał; Kacper Szulecki; Toma Burean; Marta Bivand Erdal; Ivo Iliev; Gunda Reire; Ben Stanley; Jogile Ulinskaite & Veronika Zapletalová (2022) External Voting among Central European Migrants Living in Western Europe, PRIO Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Hagen-Zanker, Jessica & Gemma Hennessey (2021) What Do We Know about the Subjective and Intangible Factors That Shape Migration Decision-Making?, PRIO Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Jørgen Carling; Cindy Horst & Mathias Hatleskog Tjønn (2020) Integration and Development: Need for Dialogue, PRIO Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Lubomiła Korzeniewska; Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka & Magdalena Żadkowska (2019) Building Trust across Borders, PRIO Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Davide Bertelli; Mathias Kruse; Mathias Hatleskog Tjønn; Arnfinn H. Midtbøen; Grete Brochmann; Pieter Bevelander; Per Mouritsen; Emily Cochran Bech & Kristian Kriegbaum Jensen (2019) Citizenship, Participation and Belonging in Scandinavia: Results from a survey among young adults of diverse origins in Norway, Sweden and Denmark, PRIO Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen (2019) Pathways to an ERC Grant: Learning from Success and Failure, PRIO Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Jørgen Carling; Cindy Horst & Cathrine Talleraas (2018) Defining Sustainable Migration, PRIO Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen & Cathrine Talleraas (2016) Root Causes and Drivers of Migration: Implications for Humanitarian Efforts and Development Cooperation, PRIO Paper. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo.
Carling, Jørgen; Elin Berstad Mortensen & Jennifer Wu (2011) A Systematic Bibliography on Return Migration, PRIO Paper. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo.
Horst, Cindy; Jørgen Carling & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati (2010) Immigration to Norway from Bangladesh, Brazil, Egypt, India, Morocco and Ukraine, PRIO Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Cindy Horst (2010) Engaging Diasporas in Development. A Review of Pilot Project Pakistan, PRIO Paper. Oslo: PRIO.

Report - Other

Olney, Jessica; Khin Maung ; Lucky ; Shabbir Ahmad; Marte Nilsen; & Gudrun Østby (2022) 'Something Is Better than Nothing': Online Learning Pursuits of Rohingya Youth and Teachers in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, Internal report. Oslo: PRIO.
Korzeniewska, Lubomiła; Marta Bivand Erdal; Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka; & Magdalena Żadkowska (2019) Trust across Borders: A Review of the Literature on Trust, Migration and Child Welfare ServicesGdańsk.
Brekke, Jan-Paul; Simon Roland Birkvad; & Marta Bivand Erdal (2019) Losing the Right to Stay: Revocation of immigration residence permits and citizenship in Norway - Experiences and effects9. Oslo: Institute for Social Research - Institutt for Samfunnsforskning.
Dempster, Helen; Jørgen Carling; Jessica Hagen-Zanker; & Amy Leach (2019) Communications and impact, MIGNEX Handbook Chapter, 5. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen (2019) Research ethics and research integrity, MIGNEX Handbook Chapter, 4. Oslo: PRIO.
Czaika, Mathias; & Marie Godin (2019) Qualitative Comparative Analysis for migration and development research, MIGNEX Background Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Andersson, Lisa; & Melissa Siegel (2019) Empirical assessments of the development impacts of migration, MIGNEX Background Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen (2019) Measuring migration aspirations and related concepts, MIGNEX Background Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen; Mathias Czaika; Anne Duquenne; Marta Bivand Erdal; Carlos Vargas-Silva; & Jessica Hagen-Zanker (2019) Data management plan, MIGNEX Handbook Chapter, 3. Oslo: PRIO.
Midtbøen, Arnfinn H.; Simon Roland Birkvad; & Marta Bivand Erdal (2018) Citizenship in the Nordic CountriesCopenhagen: TemaNord, Nordic Council of Ministers.
Carling, Jørgen (2017) Expert Panellist Statement on the Smuggling of Migrants, Fifth Informal Thematic Session in the process towards a Global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration. Vienna: Office of the President of the General Assembly, United Nations.
Carling, Jørgen (2017) meaningofmigrants.org [Web site].
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Alice Ennals; Kari Helene Partapouli; & Nadia Falch Bandak, eds, (2015) Diaspora og Utvikling [Diaspora and Development]Oslo: Development Fund.
Erdal, Marta Bivand; & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati (2012) Migrasjon og nye utenrikspolitiske realiteter [Migration and new Norwegian foreign policy realities]The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Carling, Jørgen (2007) European Strategies for Reducing 'Unwanted' Immigration, DIIS Brief. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS).

Report - External Series

Carling, Jørgen; & Hannah Murray (2022) Migration and development dynamics in Boa Vista, Cabo Verde, MIGNEX Case STudy Briefs. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo.
Vestby, Jonas; Andreas Forø Tollefsen; & Halvard Buhaug (2022) Climate and International Migration Flows: A Sensitivity Analysis of Gravity Model Specifications, QuantMig Background Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen; & Jessica Hagen-Zanker (2022) Migration and development dynamics in São Nicolau, Cabo Verde, MIGNEX Case Study Brief. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo.
Kasavan, Camille; Safouen Azouzi; Jessica Hagen-Zanker; Jørgen Carling; & Nicole Johnson (2022) Migration and development dynamics in Redeyef, Tunisia, MIGNEX Case Study Brief. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo.
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Maisie Fitzmaurice; Mira Ivanova; Elinor Karl; & Lise Endregard Hemat (2022) Documentation of qualitative data collection, MIGNEX Handbook Chapter. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO).
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Furrukh Khan; Hannah Murray; Arslan Ahmad; & Safia Mahmood (2022) Migration and development dynamics in Chot Dheeran, Pakistan, MIGNEX Case Study Briefs. .
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Furrukh Khan; Rashid Memon; Sehr Nisar; Prithvi Raj; Neha Ramchand; & Hannah Murray (2022) Migration and development dynamics in Keti Bandar, Pakistan, MIGNEX Case Study Briefs. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO).
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Furrukh Khan; Hannah Murray; Wardah Noor; Jovairiah Batool; Muhammad Aneeb UI Hassan Qureshi; Behroz Karim; & Arslan Ahmad (2022) Migration and development dynamics in Youhanabad, Pakistan, MIGNEX Case Study Brief. .
Lebon-McGregor, Elaine; Marie Godin; Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert; Mathias Hatleskog Tjønn; Julia Schweers; & Niels Ike (2022) Comparative experiences of third-country cooperation, MIGNEX Background Paper. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO).
Godin, Marie; Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert; Elaine Lebon-McGregor; Julia Schweers; & Mathias Hatleskog Tjønn (2022) Internal (in)coherence in European migration policies, MIGNEX Background paper. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO).
Aslany, Maryam; Jørgen Carling; Mathilde Bålsrud Mjelva; & Tone Sommerfelt (2021) Systematic review of determinants of migration aspirations, QuantMig deliverable, 2. Southampton: University of Southampton.
Carling, Jørgen; & Mathilde Bålsrud Mjelva (2021) Survey instruments and survey data on migration aspirations, QuantMig project deliverable, 2. Southampton: University of Southampton.
Erdal, Marta Bivand; Mathias Hatleskog Tjønn; & Ahmet İçduygu (2021) Links between migration management, development and integration, MIGNEX Background paper. .
Carling, Jørgen; Mathias Czaika; & Marta Bivand Erdal (2020) Translating Migration Theory Into Empirical Propositions, QuantMig Project Deliverable, 1. Southampton: University of Southampton.
Carling, Jørgen (2017) How should migrant smuggling be confronted?, Migration Research Leaders Syndicate in Support of the Global Compact for Migration. Geneva: International Organization for Migration.
Carling, Jørgen (2017) How Does Migration Arise?, Migration Research Leaders Syndicate in Support of the Global Compact for Migration. Geneva: International Organization for Migration.
Carling, Jørgen; Christopher Horwood; & Anne Gallagher (2015) Beyond Definitions: Global migration and the smuggling–trafficking nexus, RMMS Discussion Paper, 2. Nairobi: Regional Mixed Migration Secretariat.
Carling, Jørgen; Papa Demba Fall; María Hernández-Carretero; Mame Yassine Sarr; & Jennifer Wu (2013) Migration aspirations in Senegal: Who wants to leave and why does it matter?, European Policy Brief. Brussels: European Commission.
Horst, Cindy; Faiza Kassim Ibrahim; Brandon Baumbach; Marian Hussein; Hawa Muuse; & Sundus Osman (2013) Somalis in Oslo, Somalis in European Cities. New York: Open Society Foundations.
Afeef, Karin Fathimath (2009) A Promised Land for Refugees? Asylum and Migration in Israel, EPAU Working Papers [New Issues in Refugee Research], 183. Geneva.
Strand, Arne; Arghawan Akbari; Torunn Wimpelmann; Kristian Berg Harpviken; Akbar Sarwari; & Astri Suhrke (2008) Return in Dignity, Return to What? Review of Voluntary Return Programme to Afghanistan, CMI Report, 6. Bergen: CMI.
Harpviken, Kristian Berg (2008) From 'Refugee Warriors' to 'Returnee Warriors: Militant Homecoming in Afghanistan and Beyond, Global Migration and Transnational Politics Working Paper , 5. Arlington, VA: Center for Global Studies, George Mason University.
Carling, Jørgen (2006) Migration, Human Smuggling and Trafficking from Nigeria to Europe, IOM Migration Research Series, 23. Geneva.
Carling, Jørgen (2005) Gender Dimensions of International Migration, Global Migration Perspectives, 35. .
Strand, Arne; Astri Suhrke; & Kristian Berg Harpviken (2004) Afghan Refugees in Iran: From Refugee Emergency to Migration Management, CMI Policy Brief. Bergen/Oslo: CMI/PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen (2004) Policy Options for Increasing the Benefits of Remittances, COMPAS Working Paper. Oxford.

Book Review

Vargas-Silva, Carlos (2013) Review of Marta Bivand Erdal, ed., Handbook of Research Methods in Migration, in International Migration Review 47(2): 474–475.
Carling, Jørgen (2013) Review of Alexander Betts, ed., Survival Migration: Failed Governance and the Crisis of Displacement, in The Journal of Modern African Studies 52(2): 332–333.
Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen (2012) Review of Protecting Our Ports: Domestic and International Politics of Containerized Freight Security, in Journal of Peace Research 49(3): .
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2012) Review of The Political Economy of Global Remittances: Gender, Governmentality and Neoliberalism, in Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 30: 753–.
Carling, Jørgen (2002) Review of Gender and Migration in Southern Europe: Women on the Move, in Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 11(3): 399–400.

Blog Posts

Faith, Hope and a Home of One’s Own

Posted by Kaja Borchgrevink, Marta Bivand Erdal & Ida Roland Birkvad on Thursday, 17 November 2022

Buying a home is the biggest financial investment most people will ever make and usually involves taking out a loan. A mortgage is the usual solution, but it’s not for everyone. Lack of financial resources is the most common reason for not taking out a loan. But for some people, ... Read more »

Staying Rather Than Leaving? Displacement and Conflict-Exposure in Ukraine

Posted by Andreas Forø Tollefsen & Marta Bivand Erdal on Monday, 30 May 2022

The Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February has led to rapid and large-scale displacement. What do we know about the dynamics of conflict and mobility in Ukraine, and how does conflict exposure impact people’s decisions to stay or to go? Drawing on new survey data from Ukraine, we shed ... Read more »

Different Responses to Mobility at Europe’s Borders

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal & Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert on Tuesday, 12 April 2022

In the weeks since Russia’s brutal invasion of Ukraine significant proportions of Ukraine’s population has gone on the move, the majority of whom are internally displaced. By 29th March 2022, 4 million people had fled Ukraine across borders to neighbouring countries: Poland (2 million in 3 weeks), Slovakia, Hungary, Romania ... Read more »

People on the Move in the Face of War in Ukraine

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal on Tuesday, 1 March 2022

More than half a million people have fled the Russian invasion of Ukraine through the country’s borders to neighbours in Central and Eastern Europe as of 1 March. In a context of war in Europe, and the human suffering it brings, this blog post offers some rough reflections on mobility ... Read more »

European Union-Belarus Border Crisis: Why the narrative of “hybrid warfare” is dangerous

Posted by Ayse Bala Akal on Wednesday, 24 November 2021

The 2021 EU-Belarus border crisis was preceded by a rapid deterioration of the already strained European Union (EU)-Belarus relations, in most part due to the Ryanair 4978 incident and the concomitant wide-ranging sanctions imposed by the EU on the authoritarian government of the Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, who has often been referred by the media ... Read more »

Migrants Are Dying in the Forests on the EU’s Eastern Borders

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal on Tuesday, 12 October 2021

The humanitarian crisis on the Poland-Belarus border has claimed several lives. On 30 September, the Polish parliament extended the state of emergency in a three-kilometre-deep strip of land along the border. It is hard to assess the situation in detail, as neither the media nor humanitarian organizations have access to ... Read more »

Denmark Leading the Race to the Bottom: Hostility as a form of migration control

Posted by Ayse Bala Akal on Saturday, 2 October 2021

Since the refugee crisis of 2015, Denmark, the first signatory of the 1951 Refugee Convention, has been at the forefront of the debate around deterrent migration policies. Until recently, Denmark has been recognized as an egalitarian country with an exemplary welfare system. Now, this reputation might have been irrevocably tarnished ... Read more »

Why Did Muslims Become the New Enemy in Norway and Europe?

Posted by Katrine Fangen on Friday, 9 July 2021

Anti-Muslim views have become more widespread in Europe over the past 30 years, but it is important to distinguish between criticisms of certain forms of Islamic practice and the belief that Muslims are taking over Europe. People with anti-Islamic views wish to restrict Muslim immigration and Islamic religious practices. In ... Read more »

What a Year with No Travel Taught Us about the Future of Fieldwork

Posted by Talitha Dubow & Marta Bivand Erdal on Friday, 9 July 2021

For many researchers working on projects that spanned international borders, the imposition of travel restrictions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a rapid change in ways of working. Drawing on their own experience and those of colleagues of carrying out fieldwork during the pandemic, Talitha Dubow and Marta ... Read more »

Agents of Change? How to fulfill the promise of education to refugees

Posted by Hassan Aden & Cindy Horst on Thursday, 17 June 2021

Education in situations of conflict and crisis is central in efforts to protect children and youth in the near-term and fostering peaceful coexistence over the longer-term. But how can education enable individuals and communities to build durable futures when there is great uncertainty about where these futures will be? Education ... Read more »

The State and Its Nation-Builders

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal & Katrine Fangen on Monday, 7 June 2021

Our research project ‘Negotiating the nation’ focused on how different people discussed the nation’s borders and questions related to national identity. Specific parts of this project examined, among other, how «ordinary» men and women thematized national identity, how mayors on 17 May handled the balance between being inclusive but at the same time emphasizing ... Read more »

How Relevant is #StopAsianHate in Norway?

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal on Thursday, 29 April 2021

Attacks in the USA and reports of pandemic-related harassment of Asians has brought the #StopAsianHate conversation to Norway. In the summer of 2020, the conversation about discrimination and racism spurred by the Black Lives Matter movement also brought forth topics like the experience of adoptees from South Korea. And the ... Read more »

Antiracism: the willingness to understand others

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal & Peder Nustad on Thursday, 25 March 2021

Polarized debates about racism can be counterproductive, closing down possible spaces of mutual understanding, instead of opening them. Over the last few months, the debate in Norway around racism has been far more polarized than it needs to be. Many of the discussions are important, like the exchanges around the ... Read more »

The Debate on Structural Racism Is Far More Polarized Than It Needs to Be

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal on Monday, 22 March 2021

A lack of a sense of belonging is destructive. So perhaps it is wise to examine both structural racism and everyday racism more closely, also in Norway, writes Marta Bivand Erdal The police killing of George Floyd and the ensuing demonstrations that occurred both in the United States and in ... Read more »

Closed Borders, but Continued Migration?

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal on Friday, 19 March 2021

Passing a year on from the massive closure of borders globally in March 2020 offers an opportunity to reflect on migration, borders and the pandemic. What has been the impact of closed borders on international migration? And what do some impacts look like: seasonal work, remittances, risk and recognition? Taking ... Read more »

Diversity in Norwegian Academia 2021

Posted by Siddharth Sareen, Marte C. W. Solheim, Marta Bivand Erdal, Nils H. Korsvoll, Feroz Mehmood Shah & Anne Tjønndal on Sunday, 28 February 2021

Diversity ensures democratic and epistemic legitimacy. Although the Norwegian research sector and higher education institutions have steadily improved at ensuring diversity in recruitment processes, there is still scope for improvement in utilizing the resultant diversity Recently, the Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education (NIFU) and Statistics Norway ... Read more »

Myanmar: weak leadership is prompting grassroots activists to make a difference

Posted by Marte Nilsen & Benjamin Dix on Monday, 16 November 2020

Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy secured yet another large majority in the Myanmar parliament in the national election. But, despite the Nobel peace laureate’s party being in power since 2015, progress in the war-torn and troubled country remains hampered by both structural restraints and the absence of political ... Read more »

Collection of PRIO Research on Racism, Inequality and Discrimination

Posted by PRIO on Monday, 12 October 2020

Introduction For over six decades, our mission here at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) has been to produce research for a more peaceful world. We analyze the conditions, causes, and dynamics of the political and social processes that create conflict or peace, and communicate this knowledge to policymakers, stakeholders, ... Read more »

From Moria to the UN Security Council: Norwegian Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy Ambitions

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal, Jørgen Jensehaugen & Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert on Wednesday, 30 September 2020

The fire at the Moria camp underlines the depth of the crisis in the international system intended to protect people fleeing their home countries. Under the Refugee Convention, people in need of asylum must be given the opportunity to apply for it. The fundamental flaws in this system weighs heavily ... Read more »

‘It should change’: Young people on skin colour and national belonging in Norway

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal & Mette Strømsø on Tuesday, 9 June 2020

The fight against racism and discrimination cannot be won without the silent, non-targeted, majorities’ active contribution and participation – recognizing one another as equal human beings, but significantly also going beyond this, to call out and change the structures and practices that prevent real equality. This is true whether we ... Read more »

The Persistence of Colonialism

Posted by Mathias Hatleskog Tjønn on Wednesday, 13 May 2020

How can colonial history help us to understand and explain the present European approach to migration across the Mediterranean? Today, we increasingly see the European Union (EU) attempting to move border controls and migration management beyond the Mediterranean and into countries along the coast of North Africa and Asia Minor. ... Read more »

The COVID-19 Resettlement Freeze: Towards a Permanent Suspension?

Posted by Adèle Garnier, Kristin B. Sandvik & Amanda Cellini on Monday, 20 April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered the suspension of international resettlement for refugees. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), resettlement-related travel will resume as soon as prudence and logistics permit. Meanwhile, individuals and families that were set to go are in limbo for ... Read more »

Whose Needs? Reflections on Health Information and Minorities

Posted by Anne Hellum, Kristin B. Sandvik, Tatanya Ducran Valland & Marta Bivand Erdal on Tuesday, 14 April 2020

On 1 April, the Norwegian News Agency (NTB) reported that rates of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection among Norwegian-Somalis were significantly higher than among other foreign-born inhabitants of Norway. Hospitals are reporting that 30–40 percent of patients who test positive for the virus are from immigrant backgrounds. The government has now granted NOK ... Read more »

Migrants and COVID-19 in Norway: Five Reflections on Skewed Impacts

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal, Hassan Aden, Ebba Tellander, Tatanya Ducran Valland, Kristin B. Sandvik & Kaja Borchgrevink on Monday, 6 April 2020

This piece is part of our blog series Beyond the COVID Curve. COVID-19 has quickly changed everything from our daily routines, to the policies of governments, to the fortunes of the global economy. How will it continue to shape society and the conditions for peace and conflict globally in the ... Read more »

How Will the COVID-19 Pandemic Reshape Refugee and Migration Governance?

Posted by Kristin B. Sandvik & Adèle Garnier on Friday, 27 March 2020

This blog post identifies marginalization, legal distancing and the ambiguity of care as the key characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic response currently reshaping refugee and migration governance. This piece is part of our blog series Beyond the COVID Curve. COVID-19 has quickly changed everything from our daily routines, to the ... Read more »

Why We Need Research on Migrant Transnationalism Today

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal, Erik Snel, Özge Bilgili, Brigite Suter, Paolo Boccagni, Melissa Siegel & Jørgen Carling on Tuesday, 18 February 2020

A post from board members of the ‘Migrant transnationalism’ Standing Committee, IMISCOE-network. The amount of remittances sent by migrants to countries of origin continues to increase and equals more than three times the annual volumes of global development assistance (ODA). Migrants’ cross-border ties include visits, political engagement, business investments, and ... Read more »

Citizenship in Scandinavia – What are reasonable demands for full membership?

Posted by Grete Brochmann, Marta Bivand Erdal & Arnfinn H. Midtbøen on Tuesday, 3 December 2019

How difficult should it be to obtain citizenship in Scandinavia? And are there differences in the attitudes of majority populations, immigrants, and their descendants, when it comes to this question? The first Scandinavian survey to look at these questions shows astonishingly small differences across countries and groups, despite polarization of ... Read more »

Meet the ‘Good Citizen’

Posted by Noor Jdid, Marta Bivand Erdal & Cindy Horst on Tuesday, 19 November 2019

The question of what constitutes the “good citizen” has received renewed interest in Western Europe in connection with increasing pressure on the welfare state, concerns over migration-related diversity, and growing anxiety about a crisis of democracy. In a recently published article, ‘The “good citizen”: asserting and contesting norms of participation ... Read more »

A Social Security Scandal with Deep Roots

Posted by Cathrine Talleraas on Monday, 18 November 2019

The Norwegian Labour and Welfare Service, NAV, has been simultaneously complying with and breaking EEA rules. During 2015 and 2016, I gained detailed insight into how individual bureaucrats were handling exports of sickness benefits. I also heard stories about rules being applied inconsistently. A major social security scandal is currently ... Read more »

Accountable to Whom? Reflecting on the ethics of doing migration research

Posted by Cindy Horst, Marta Bivand Erdal, Marte Nilsen & Jørgen Carling on Friday, 15 November 2019

Who are we accountable to when doing research on migration and mobility? Many scholars, ourselves included, do research with – rather than about – refugees and other migrants, or indeed communities and individuals in origin or destination country. But to whom are we accountable? And what can and should accountability ... Read more »

Preventing the Work of Rescue Vessels in the Mediterranean Will Not Save More Migrants

Posted by Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert on Thursday, 3 October 2019

The Norwegian-registered vessel Ocean Viking, operated by Médecins Sans Frontières, has recently been at the centre of a debate that has become dominated by one assumption: that search-and-rescue (SAR) operations are encouraging people to attempt to cross the Mediterranean The logic is problematic for several reasons, and I will try ... Read more »

Facing terror: The possibility of hope and the need to confront hatred

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal, Rojan Tordhol Ezzati & Henrik Syse on Wednesday, 14 August 2019

In the wake of the foiled terrorist attack at a mosque outside Oslo on 10 August, and the widespread solidarity seen outside mosques around Norway on the morning of Eid, we reflect on the prospects for hope and for the endurance of social fabric. We do so by drawing on ... Read more »

Beyond False Dichotomies in Debates on Migration

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal, Kristian Berg Harpviken, Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert & Cathrine Talleraas on Thursday, 4 July 2019

Is there really an inherent conflict between pursuing national interests and acting in globally responsible ways on migration? We call for a debate that moves beyond an artificial dichotomy between the “headless heart” and the “heartless head”. A good start would be to acknowledge the salience and value of binding ... Read more »

Eid Celebrations and Muslim Generosity

Posted by Kaja Borchgrevink, Marta Bivand Erdal & Torkel Brekke on Wednesday, 5 June 2019

Today is Eid, the Muslim festival that marks the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting. Families and friends will gather today to enjoy good food and each other’s company. Many Norwegian Muslim children look forward to celebrating Eid, and for many people the social aspects are just as important ... Read more »

The EU-Turkey Refugee Deal Cost Refugees the Most

Posted by Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert & Pinar Tank on Wednesday, 23 January 2019

Note: On 18 March 2016, the EU and Turkey agreed on a deal to stop refugees from crossing the Mediterranean. At that time, Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert and Pinar Tank warned that the agreement was advantageous for Europe and Turkey but not for the refugees whose rights to protection were severely ... Read more »

The Needs, Challenges and Power Dynamics of Refugee Resettlement

Posted by Kristin B. Sandvik, Liliana Lyra Jubilut & Adèle Garnier on Monday, 29 October 2018

This fall, the 73rd General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) was held in New York. The 193 UN member states gather annually to discuss, and sometimes act upon, global issues. Refugees were on the agenda in 2018, not only because numbers are historically high (25.4 million at the end ... Read more »

Is ‘Sustainable Migration’ a Valuable Concept?

Posted by Jørgen Carling & Marta Bivand Erdal on Monday, 27 August 2018

Is ‘sustainability’ a good guiding principle for migration policy? Or does using this word muddle well-informed debate on international migration? The notion of ‘sustainable migration’ has been floated as a guiding principle for migration policy. Is it a concept we should embrace? On the one hand, it neatly captures the ... Read more »

Record deaths at sea: will ‘regional disembarkation’ help save lives?

Posted by Jørgen Carling & Jessica Hagen-Zanker on Monday, 16 July 2018

Never has it been more dangerous for people in search of protection to make the crossing to Europe. The estimated death rate on boat migration journeys across the Mediterranean has risen from 4 per 1000 in 2015 to 24 per 1000 in the first four months of 2018, according to ... Read more »

What Shapes Which Migration Flows We Study?

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal on Tuesday, 12 June 2018

How might decolonising the academy intersect with academic everyday practice, for instance in the context of migration studies? As efforts to decolonise the academy are gaining force, not least in universities in the United Kingdom, such as at the School of Oriental and African Studies, questions about how this timely ... Read more »

Popular Anti-Immigration Movements – and the Response of Democracy

Posted by Kristian Berg Harpviken on Tuesday, 3 April 2018

All across Europe, we see growing opposition to immigration. Tough measures imposed by governments are limiting immigration but are not having the same effect on opposition to immigration. Mounting polarization is putting Europe’s democracies as well as European cooperation to the test. I recently visited Warsaw, and then travelled on ... Read more »

Will the “October Children” from Afghanistan Get Fair Treatment?

Posted by Kai Eide on Tuesday, 13 March 2018

Is Norway’s asylum policy simply strict – or is it also fair and humane? In the coming weeks, approximately 200 young Afghans – the so-called “October children” – will have their cases re-assessed. Originally these children were granted temporary residence permits until they turned 18. Thereafter they were to be ... Read more »

How Far Should We Go to Stop Migration to Europe?

Posted by Øystein Rolandsen, Marie Sandnes & Nic Marsh on Monday, 4 December 2017

The police, the military and militia groups in Libya are keeping refugees away from Europe. Reports link this situation to funding from the EU and Italy. The money passes through intermediaries, but Europe must bear responsibility nevertheless for making the funds available. To restrict the numbers of refugees arriving from ... Read more »

Europe’s Quiet Offensive Against People Helping Refugees

Posted by Ben Hayes & Frank Barat on Thursday, 9 November 2017

A look back on three years since the end of Operation Mare Nostrum. Three years ago today, pressure by the European Union on Italy forced the end of one of the EU’s most successful humanitarian missions, Mare Nostrum, a search-and-rescue operation that in just one year brought 130,000 refugees safely ... Read more »

Migrant Smugglers Are Winning. Here’s Why

Posted by Anne Gallagher & Jørgen Carling on Saturday, 4 November 2017

Migrant smuggling: moving people across borders for profit, is reported to be one of the fastest-growing and most lucrative forms of organized criminal activity. Smugglers crowd their human cargo into shipping containers and onto boats and trucks. Many migrants arrive safely and consider the investment well spent. But migrant smuggling ... Read more »

Batman in Vienna: Choosing How to Confront Migrant Smuggling

Posted by Jørgen Carling on Tuesday, 12 September 2017

There’s a lot to gain from better management of migration. That was the idea that inspired States in 2016 to set out on a path towards a Global Compact for Migration. As a step in the process, UN Member States gathered in Vienna on 4 September to discuss the issue ... Read more »

A Plural Conception of the Nation

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal & Mette Strømsø on Friday, 18 August 2017

Nationalism and the political salience of national identities are on the rise in contemporary Europe and beyond. This rise is often associated with populist movements. These include populist political parties, several in position across Europe today, whose politics are characterized by isolationism and anti-immigration stances, and right-wing populist groups, characterized ... Read more »

Why Don’t All Migrants Return in Times of Crisis?

Posted by María Hernández-Carretero on Thursday, 22 June 2017

In the early 2000s, numerous migrants arrived in Spain, attracted by the prospects of finding a job in the country’s booming economy. They quickly grew to represent 11% of the total population in 2008, from 2% in 2000. But when the financial crisis hit and Spain topped Europe’s unemployment rates, ... Read more »

Trump Reminded Me Why I Am An Academic

Posted by Idean Salehyan on Monday, 6 March 2017

“Why did you become an academic?” is a question that I’m frequently asked. For me, my path into this profession is pretty clear. I was about fourteen and a freshman in high school in the early 1990s. A few of my friends joined the school chapter of Amnesty International, and ... Read more »

No-Man’s Land

Posted by Marte Heian-Engdal on Friday, 20 January 2017

In the north-eastern corner of Jordan, thousands of Syrians are left stranded. In the north-eastern corner of Jordan, where the country borders both Iraq and Syria, a barrier resembling a mound of earth extends across the desert. Running parallel to this barrier is a second mound of earth, this time ... Read more »

Give Us Your Phone and We May Grant You Asylum

Posted by Rocco Bellanova, Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert & Raphael Gellert on Monday, 17 October 2016

Images of refugees using smartphones have now become common in the Western media landscape, and everybody seems to have learned that refugees and migrants, too, use smartphones. Indicative of this awareness, European governments are now looking into how to make use of these assets in their identity checks and in ... Read more »

The End Of Migrants As We Know Them?

Posted by Jørgen Carling on Monday, 19 September 2016

The UN Summit for Refugees and Migrants holds the promise of progress. But ahead of the summit, communications staff were pushing a warped view of migrant diversity. Even the International Organization of Migration (IOM) is straying from its mission to uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. When migration issues ... Read more »

Refugee Resettlement as Humanitarian Governance: The Need for a Critical Research Agenda

Posted by Adèle Garnier, Kristin B. Sandvik & Liliana Lyra Jubilut on Wednesday, 14 September 2016

This blog post suggests understanding refugee resettlement as an instrument of humanitarian governance from the selection of refugees to their long-term integration. It presents a five-point research agenda aiming to investigate resettlement’s power dynamics in multiscalar perspective, with a focus on: political economy; the UNHCR’s competing goals; and the role ... Read more »

A Sense of Community in Times of Terrorism

Posted by Rojan Tordhol Ezzati on Friday, 22 July 2016

In contrast to the impression one may derive from “the debate about the debate” in Norway, “we” – the overwhelming majority – can agree on many points, including the fact that we stand united in the struggle against extremism. We succeeded in doing so in the “rose marches” five years ... Read more »

Negotiating Collective Identities

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal on Thursday, 21 July 2016

The 22 July attacks, now five years ago, bore horrific testimony to what an ideology of exclusion and hatred, at the hands of one man, can do. Whilst the terror was of such a scope that the moment called for a unified response, ideological cleavages along the Eurabia, anti-Islam, and ... Read more »

A Post-Brexit We?

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal on Monday, 4 July 2016

Who is the ‘we’ in the context of the Brexit vote? Whilst the protection of British borders was a key ingredient in Brexit debates, the answer to what kind of a community we are talking about within those borders, remains in desperate need of addressing. Lingering notions of cultural purity ... Read more »

Syria Travellers and Security Threats

Posted by Åshild Kolås & Katrine Fangen on Wednesday, 22 June 2016

Foreign fighters returning from Syria have emerged as a looming security threat in many European countries, so also in Norway. As well as preventive measures against radicalization and mobilization by the Islamic State, there have been calls for the withdrawal of citizenship and deportation of returned foreign fighters. This raises a number of questions: Are Norwegians more secure ... Read more »

Norway and Kenya Prepare for Forceful Returns of Somalis

Posted by Anab Ibrahim Nur on Sunday, 12 June 2016

As the blessed month of Ramadan begins, many here in Mogadishu are concerned about the security situation, with talks of increased numbers of Al-Shabaab insurgents entering the city in preparation of carrying out attacks. Driving through the Makka Al Mukram road, considered to be in the safe zone, that is, ... Read more »

Assisted Return Not a Permanent Solution for All Asylum Seekers

Posted by Arne Strand & Lovise Aalen on Tuesday, 3 May 2016

Many asylum seekers who choose assisted return are from a country destroyed by war and conflict. More than half of those who return to countries such as Afghanistan and Iraq plan to migrate again. Assisted return is a viable type of support to assist with the return, but is not ... Read more »

The EU-Turkey Refugee Deal is Costly – Especially for the Refugees

Posted by Pinar Tank & Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert on Thursday, 7 April 2016

The agreement reflects the EU’s self-interest just as much as Turkey’s, but takes little account of the interests and rights of the refugees. On Friday 18 March, Turkey and the EU concluded a deal designed to put an end to refugees’ use of the sea route to travel from Turkey ... Read more »

Seeing Flight as a Non-violent Option: One Way to Change the Discourse about the World’s 60 Million Refugees

Posted by Erica Chenoweth & Hakim Young on Wednesday, 3 February 2016

Today, one in every 122 humans living on the planet is a refugee, an internally displaced person, or an asylum-seeker. In 2014, conflict and persecution forced a staggering 42,500 persons per day to leave their homes and seek protection elsewhere, resulting in 59.5 million total refugees worldwide. According to the ... Read more »

Somalia’s Hope for the Future? The Return of Young Diaspora Somalis

Posted by Cindy Horst on Monday, 30 November 2015

The Somali conflict has affected Somali citizens inside and outside the Somali region for over 25 years. While Somaliland and Puntland have enjoyed relative stability for more than two decades, conditions are much more fragile in south-central Somalia, and residents in many parts of the Somali region face considerable levels ... Read more »

Pakistan’s Crippling Energy Crisis and Increasing Remittances

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal & Zain Ul Abdin on Thursday, 1 October 2015

Deadly heat exposes Pakistan’s power problems. This summer CNBC run a report titled Deadly heat exposes Pakistan’s power problems after more than a thousand people died during heatwaves during the first days of Ramadan. Insufficient preparedness for the heatwave is largely seen as the cause of deaths, yet the context ... Read more »

Refugees are Also Migrants. And All Migrants Matter

Posted by Jørgen Carling on Monday, 7 September 2015

The recent debate over word choice has taken turns that undermine humanitarian principles and cloud the view of how migration is unfolding. The Washington Post, the New York Times, the Guardian, the BBC, and others have examined the usage of ‘refugees’ versus ‘migrants’ over the past week. The general impression ... Read more »

Return Migration: Pakistan as a Return Migration Destination

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal on Monday, 24 August 2015

Return migration to Pakistan is diverse. It ranges from return mobilities of naturalized citizens and those born abroad to so-called ‘voluntary assisted returns’ and deportations of migrants without regular status. Pakistan receives returnees from the Middle East, as well as from Europe and North America, which reflects broader Pakistani migration ... Read more »

Return Migration: Polish Migrants to Norway

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal on Monday, 24 August 2015

How do Polish Migrants in Norway Consider Return Migration?  After Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2004 and the substantial emigration that followed, return migration was an expectation widely shared by observers in Poland and abroad. Return migration has been modest, however, even in the wake of the 2008-2009 ... Read more »

Becoming One of Us: The Politics of Citizenship in France, Norway and the UK

Posted by Cathrine Talleraas & Marta Bivand Erdal on Wednesday, 5 August 2015

Citizenship and naturalization legislation in France, Norway, and the UK has changed substantially more during the 2000s than in previous decades. In which areas of citizenship policy have changes occurred? And how do these changes relate to the trend of reinvigorating the citizenship institution to increase social cohesion? This blog ... Read more »

Contestations over National Identity and Diversity: An analysis of French and British media debates in the autumn 2014

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal & Cathrine Talleraas on Tuesday, 28 July 2015

How and when is national identity and nationhood debated, and what does this reveal about the boundaries of national identity? Drawing on analyses of opinion pieces from French and British newspapers, we examine how national identity is debated, contested and challenged in light of national and international news events during ... Read more »

Most Muslims Celebrate Eid

Posted by Kaja Borchgrevink & Marta Bivand Erdal on Thursday, 16 July 2015

Now that Ramadan, the Muslim month of fasting, is ending, most Muslims – in Oslo, as elsewhere in the world – celebrate the festival of Eid. It is a time for celebration. For many Muslims, it is also a time to help those less well-off than themselves, either through the ... Read more »

Equality in North-South Research Collaboration

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal, Anum Amjad, Qamar Zaman Bodla & Asma Rubab on Thursday, 2 July 2015

Research collaboration across Global South-North divides is an articulated aim in many academic institutions. In this blog we point to the value added, as well as some of the challenges of such collaboration, based on our experiences from collaborative research on migration and transnationalism in Pakistan and Norway. We are ... Read more »

Back in Business? Diaspora Return to Somalia

Posted by Cindy Horst on Thursday, 18 June 2015

In most post-conflict contexts, returning diaspora members contribute to reconstruction efforts; including through investments in businesses. While many invest in traditional ventures, others introduce new ideas for entrepreneurship. In Somalia, diaspora businesses are visible and valued; especially for their development and peacebuilding potential. The conflict has affected Somali citizens inside ... Read more »

ASEAN’s Rohingya Challenge: Can ASEAN fail to act and yet be a Community?

Posted by Stein Tønnesson on Wednesday, 17 June 2015

A human tragedy has been unfolding in the Bay of Bengal. Thousands of poor Rohingya and Bangladeshi refugees and job seekers have been the victims of xenophobia, cynical smugglers and incapable governance. What has ASEAN done? So far very little. Yet this crisis is exactly the kind of non-traditional trans-national ... Read more »

The Child Welfare Services in Norway and Migration

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal on Wednesday, 17 June 2015

The recent demonstrations against Norway’s Child Welfare Service (Barnevernet), in Oslo and outside Norwegian embassies abroad, express the deep frustration and fear felt by some parents with immigrant background. In recent years this frustration has received increased attention both in Norway and internationally. The international diplomatic repercussions of this crisis ... Read more »

Finding Connections: The Nexus between Migration and Corruption

Posted by Jørgen Carling, Erlend Paasche & Melissa Siegel on Thursday, 11 June 2015

International migration and corruption have several things in common: they play key roles in development processes, feature prominently on policy agendas, and are the subject of large research literatures. However, the connections between migration and corruption, whether in the country of origin or along migration trajectories, remain relatively unexplored. The ... Read more »

A Close Look at Border Security in the Mediterranean

Posted by Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert on Monday, 1 June 2015

The EU’s response to the increased flow of refugees crossing the Mediterranean has been to boost border security by means of Operation Triton, which is the responsibility of Frontex, the EU border agency. There is little one can do, however, to impose effective border controls at sea. Operation Triton does ... Read more »

The Matrix of Attachment: Immigrant Integration and Transnationalism

Posted by Jørgen Carling & Silje Vatne Pettersen on Friday, 29 May 2015

Immigrants typically have attachments in two directions: to the country in which they live, and to their country of origin. These attachments are often discussed in terms of integration and transnationalism, respectively. A new conceptual framework, which we call the matrix of attachment, enables us to examine immigrant integra-tion and ... Read more »

On becoming Norwegian

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati on Thursday, 28 May 2015

In May 2015, one of Norway’s leading daily newspapers, Aftenposten, launched a series of profiles titled #JegErNorsk (#IAmNorwegian). One is of Slavomir, who has made his everyday life easier by changing his name to Stian. Another is of Tara, who feels at her least Norwegian on Norway’s national day, when ... Read more »

Can Afghans Reintegrate after Assisted Return from Europe?

Posted by Ceri Oeppen & Nassim Majidi on Friday, 22 May 2015

Governments present the assisted return of rejected asylum seekers and other ‘unwanted’ migrants as the cornerstone of an effective migration management policy. However, it is also a practice criticised by migrants’ rights advocates for being a form of coerced, rather than voluntary, return. One response to critiques is to highlight ... Read more »

What Would Have Been New about Bombing Migrant Boats?

Posted by Jørgen Carling on Wednesday, 13 May 2015

The European Union has made it clear that bombs were not part of the plan for war against people smuggling after all. “No one is thinking of bombing,” said Federica Mogherini, EU foreign policy chief, yesterday. The alleged plans for bombing had already caused widespread alarm and protest. But what would ... Read more »

Humanitarianism and Return

Posted by Cindy Horst & Tove Heggli Sagmo on Monday, 4 May 2015

Humanitarianism and Return: Compromising Protection In many contexts around the world, states use funding for humanitarian programming as an active part of their attempts to manage populations displaced by conflict. Humanitarian aid to refugees and internally displaced is commonly understood as a temporary activity that ends when people will return ... Read more »

Unlikely Partners: The EU-Horn of Africa Migration Route Initiative

Posted by Cindy Horst & Maimuna Mohamud on Wednesday, 22 April 2015

Should the EU cooperate with regional states to manage and control migration from the Horn of Africa? Proponents of greater migration control within the EU increasingly favor the use of political and economic incentives as an approach to prevent migration from the Horn of Africa and elsewhere, effectively through increasingly ... Read more »

A Burden no one Wants to Share: Why do Refugees from the Horn of Africa try to Cross into Europe?

Posted by Cindy Horst & Maimuna Mohamud on Tuesday, 21 April 2015

The humanitarian crisis in the Mediterranean, with staggering high numbers of deaths of asylum seekers and migrants attempting to cross by sea, shows the urgency of an alternative approach to Europe’s current border policies. Across the EU, mounting internal political pressures have intensified debates about migration and asylum, encouraging policies ... Read more »

An Uncertain Future in Afghanistan

Posted by Arne Strand on Thursday, 26 March 2015

Under the tripartite agreement entered into between Afghanistan, Norway and the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Afghans who are refused asylum in Norway have two choices: either to take advantage of the assisted repatriation programme; or to reject this offer and risk being forcibly deported and returned to Kabul ... Read more »

How Migration Spurs Battles over Women

Posted by Jørgen Carling on Tuesday, 10 March 2015

(This post was originally published on Jørgen Carling’s personal web site.) Migration affects the lives of women in many ways. One subtle but critical mechanism lies in disputes over ‘who’ migrant women are. Migration researchers can play a role in making the battles apparent and showing how they matter. I ... Read more »

Always an Immigrant, Never Norwegian

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal & Rojan Tordhol Ezzati on Wednesday, 4 February 2015

Immigrants have become integrated into Norwegian society with degrees of success that range between two possible extremes: strong attachment and total alienation. In debates about integration, ethnicity and country of origin are often claimed to be the key factors for determining whether or not integration will be successful. Other important ... Read more »

Why Assisted Return Programmes Must Be Evaluated

Posted by Erlend Paasche on Friday, 30 January 2015

Rejected asylum seekers often resist the legal obligation to return. Consequently, European policy makers tasked with migration managament have turned to so-called ‘Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration programmes’ (AVRRs) to incentivize return to and support reintegration in the country of origin. Such programmes are described as less politically costly, more ... Read more »

Foreign Helpers

Posted by Kaja Borchgrevink & Marta Bivand Erdal on Friday, 19 December 2014

While a small number of young Norwegian Muslims have travelled to Syria to join militant groups as “foreign fighters”, far greater numbers of young Muslims are supporting humanitarian efforts. Most media attention is focused on young people travelling abroad to fight, rather than on young people’s humanitarian work. Throughout the ... Read more »

Where is My Home?

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal on Friday, 5 December 2014

Considerations about return are a persistent dimension of identity work in migrant populations. The question of where and what constitutes ‘home’ for migrants is central to understanding processes of integration in settlement contexts. Simultaneously, where and what constitutes ‘home’ sheds light on motivations for sustained transnational ties, but also on ... Read more »

Norway's Outdated Citizenship Legislation

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal & Tove Heggli Sagmo on Monday, 20 October 2014

The war in Syria, the threat of Islamic radicalisation, and fears that terrorists may recruit Norwegian citizens have sparked renewed debate about Norway’s citizenship legislation. Meanwhile, another debate continues to be forgotten: We call for a reopening of the debate on dual citizenship, as Norway’s antiquated legislation is out of ... Read more »

Women and Public Life in the Somali Region

Posted by Maimuna Mohamud on Tuesday, 14 October 2014

Somali women are often perceived as a homogenous social group perpetually living in destitution as victims of mutilation, sexual exploitation, famine, and war. Whilst we must not ignore atrocities committed against them, it is important to demonstrate that Somali women are not passive victims, and to not disregard a history ... Read more »

Refugees are a Shared Responsibility

Posted by Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert on Tuesday, 23 September 2014

A record number of refugees have arrived by boat in southern Europe this summer. Norway should voice its support for a common European solution to the issue of boat migrants crossing the Mediterranean. Last year this would have been front-page news, but now each new arrival – or each refugee ... Read more »

Filipino Migration is Extraordinary

Posted by Jørgen Carling on Sunday, 3 August 2014

The population of the Philippines is surpassing 100 million in late July 2014. That’s a reminder of the country’s importance in global migration. Emigration generally has the strongest impacts in countries with relatively small populations, such as El Salvador, Armenia and Samoa. In fact, as the scatterplot shows, only five ... Read more »

Muslim Charity for the Poor

Posted by Kaja Borchgrevink & Marta Bivand Erdal on Monday, 28 July 2014

Fasting and celebration At this time Muslims all over the world are celebrating Eid – Islam’s most important religious festival. Eid marks the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting. After the Eid prayer, families and friends gather to celebrate. This is a time for dressing in fine clothing, eating ... Read more »

Invisible Aid

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal & Kaja Borchgrevink on Friday, 4 July 2014

Muslims pay 15 times more “religious tax” than the rest of the world gives in humanitarian aid. Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, has just started. A time of fasting for devout Muslims, this is also the time of year when most Muslims pay their annual zakat. Zakat ... Read more »

Unintended Effects of Norway’s Readmission Agreement with Ethiopia

Posted by Cathrine Talleraas & Marta Bivand Erdal on Wednesday, 18 June 2014

The main purpose of migration policy is to affect migration flows. Sometimes, however, policies have other, unintended effects. Such consequences are easily overlooked in policy evaluations, which usually focus on the effectiveness of a given policy in terms of its intended aim. This Policy Brief analyses the outcome of Norway’s ... Read more »

The Unintended Consequences of Education among Pakistani Migrants to the UK

Posted by Marta Bolognani on Tuesday, 10 June 2014

The field of education has been at the forefront of social policy concerns for at least three decades in the UK. The debate around integration and education revolves mainly around two aspects: the ability of migrants to integrate, depending on their level of education; and the challenges brought by migrants ... Read more »

On Distance and Proximity

Posted by Rojan Tordhol Ezzati on Thursday, 31 October 2013

On July 22nd 2011, I was home from work when I heard a loud blast. It sounded like thunder. Strange that I had not seen any lightning, with a sound this loud, I thought before carrying on with household chores. Half an hour later I took a break, logging onto ... Read more »

Complexities and Challenges in Afghan migration?

Posted by Ceri Oeppen on Tuesday, 25 June 2013

If you look at the return programs organized by European governments (usually in partnership with the IOM) you will notice that return and reintegration are often mentioned together, as if they always coincide. However, reintegration (however it is defined) does not automatically follow return. Also, how ‘success’ in reintegration assistance ... Read more »

'Maybe someday I’ll return…'

Posted by Rojan Tordhol Ezzati on Tuesday, 25 June 2013

The ‘super-diversity’ case-study in the PREMIG project was, unlike the other five case-studies, not defined around a country of origin. Instead we defined it based on temporal dimensions, by interviewing people who had either come to Norway during their childhood, before turning 14, or recently, in the past 1-5 years. This was, ... Read more »

Public Trust in the State

Posted by Marta Bivand Erdal on Saturday, 22 December 2012

For a society such as the Norwegian one, public trust in the state is a cornerstone. But what happens when that trust is lacking? In several cases over the past year (2012), the involvement of Norway’s Child Protection Service (“Barnevernet”) with families of immigrant background has been the subject of ... Read more »