Urdal, Henrik, 2002. 'The Devil in the Demographics: How Youth Bulges Influence the Risk of Domestic Armed Conflict, 1950–2000'. Working Paper, International Peace Research Institute, Oslo.
Earlier versions presented to the International Studies Association 43rd Annual Convention, New Orleans, LA, 24–27 March, 2002, and to the Fourth Pan-European International Relations Conference, University of Kent, Canterbury, 8–10 September 2001.